Essay on Motivation in Psychology - 1231 Words

The human mind is designed with the innate ability to achieve anything. The interesting part of this paper is how we all use different triggers and motivations to goad us into gear. Motivation is an area of psychology that has gotten a great deal of attention, especially in the recent years. There are several distinct theories of motivation we will discuss in this section. Some include basic biological forces, while others seem to transcend concrete explanation. All creatures are born with specific innate knowledge about how to survive. Animals are born with the capacity and often times knowledge of how to survive by spinning webs, building nests, avoiding danger, and reproducing. These innate tendencies are preprogrammed at birth,†¦show more content†¦This theory focused on how children socialize and how they develop their sense of self. This happens in eight distinct stages. I will only be discussing the ones that occur from birth to puberty. Each developmental s tage has two possible outcomes. According to the theory, successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and successful interactions with others. Failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and therefore a more unhealthy personality and sense of self. These stages, however, can be resolved successfully at a later time. The first stage is trust or mistrust. This stage begins from birth to one year, children begin to learn the ability to trust others based upon the consistency of their caregiver. If trust develops successfully, the child gains confidence and security in the world around him and is able to feel secure even when threatened. Unsuccessful completion of this stage can result in an inability to trust, and therefore a sense of fear about the inconsistent world. It may result in anxiety, heightened insecurities, and an over feeling of mistrust in the world around them. The next definable stage is autonomy or shame which begins between the ages of one and three, children begin to assert their independence, by walking away from their mother, picking which toy to play with, and making choices about what they like to wear, to eat,Show MoreRelatedPsychology 470 : Motivation With Stress Essay1258 Words   |  6 PagesSean de Leon 2 December 2016 Psychology 470 – Motivation Coping with stress How do the many demands of life affect us? Stress occurs when life demands overwhelm the available resources for coping, or behaviors motivated to address life demands and their consequences (Deckers, 2014). People appraise negative events by eventually viewing them positively or more negatively, usually through primary appraisal (evaluating a potential event on if it is relevant, benign, positive, [i.e., all little reactionRead MoreMotivation Report On Industrial And Organizational Psychology2194 Words   |  9 PagesWayne Shaddock PSYC : 3327 Industrial/Organizational Psychology Professor: J. Dimoff 25 November 2014 Motivation in Industrial/Organizational Psychology Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology is devoted to the study of employee behavior in the workplace and understanding the issues facing organizations and employees in today’s complex and ever changing environment. Motivation refers to the set of forces that influence people to choose various behaviors among several alternatives available toRead MoreThe Psychology And Motivation Behind Consumer Decisions1373 Words   |  6 PagesPeople, as consumers, make decisions every day. To make a good market plan, it is necessary to understand the psychology and motivation behind consumer decisions. Usually, decision making is classified into three â€Å"buckets† which are cognitive, habitual, and affective (Solomon P38) . Based on their unique individual features, different market strategies are come up with to promote a new product which is a hotel booking application called HomeOnTheGo. It is a cybermediary product which filters andRead MoreResources: Ch. 7 8 of Discover ing Psychology and Motivation and Emotion – Interactive Tutorial758 Words   |  4 PagesMaterial Motivation and Emotion Worksheet Resources: Ch. 7 8 of Discovering Psychology and Motivation and Emotion – Interactive Tutorial Discuss the following as a team and provide a brief summary of the each discussion. The word count for individual answers may vary but your responses should total 500- to 800-words for the entire worksheet. 1. Describe three approaches to motivation. Explain how each approach affects motivation. There are many different types of motivations; some areRead MoreQuestions On The Industrial Revolution1668 Words   |  7 Pages RAFAEL Z. I/O PSYCHOLOGY FINAL PAPER 1 More Bang For Your Buck? Pay vs. Motivation Rafael Zavala Fall 2015 RAFAEL Z. I/O PSYCHOLOGY FINAL PAPER 2 Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Review of Major Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Review of Chosen studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4-7 Rà ©fà ©rences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Author’s Reflection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 RAFAEL Z. I/O PSYCHOLOGY FINAL PAPER 3 Ever since the marking of the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)Read MorePsychology Applied to Everyday Life1185 Words   |  5 PagesAndrew Handler 12/12/2012 Psychology Final Paper Psychology Applied to Everyday Life Psychology can be applied to everyday life in many ways. The three main ways Psychology applies to my life is through motivation and emotion, Stress and health and Psychological therapies. These topics of psychology are the ones that best describe my life. When most people think of psychology they think of therapists and psychological disorders. Psychology is much more than that and applies to everyone’s lifeRead MoreThe Diver810 Words   |  4 Pagesse Nature of Psychology The Diverse Nature of Psychology Christine Woyner PSY 490 September 19, 2011 Edna Foster The Diverse Nature of Psychology The diverse nature of psychology begins with making a difference in a diverse setting. This involves the implementation of critical psychology concepts, subdisciplines and subtopics, motivation, behaviorism, and cognition. Moreover, these subdisciplines and subtopics may be applied to other disciplines in contemporary society. In additionRead MoreDiverse Nature of Psychology Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesDiverse Nature of Psychology Jessica Champion PSY / 490 July 2, 2012 University of Phoenix Diverse Nature of Psychology Psychology is a diverse area of study. Within this paper it will discuss the influence of diversity and it’s major concepts within psychology. It will also discuss subtopics within psychology, as well as how subtopics are identified, and applied to other disciplines within society. As well as, explain how these subtopics affect my personal theoretical perspective. LastlyRead MoreNotes On Self Determination Psychology1363 Words   |  6 Pages Self Determination Psychology Dillan Watts Chapman UniversitySelf-Determination Psychology In 1874, Charles Darwin first stated human beings principal motives were based upon survival and reproduction. Emotions are often interrelated fluctuating human behavior, confirming motives are more than just biological responses (Yake and Patry, 2014). A broad way to classify motives is in two categories: deficiency and learned motives. Some psychologists distinguish this through motivated reasoningRead MoreEffects of Reward and Punishment on Student Motivation828 Words   |  4 Pageslead toward internalizing the desired behavior of acting responsibly, there is no evidence that this ever occurs. In contrast, there is much research to suggest that an external locus of control (external motivation) does not transition to an internal locus of control (internal motivation). Students learn most of their behaviors by associating them with consequences. These consequences, especially when repeated over time, can lead to a behavior pattern. (Robb, 2003) Pleasant consequences (rewards)

My Mission Trip to Jamaica - 987 Words

In tenth grade I was enrolled in conformation class at my parish church. This was the first time I had really started getting involved with my Church parish. The big event everyone was talking about for the upcoming summer was the mission trip to Jamaica. My first thoughts about this trip were to stay away from it. I found myself not wanting to get involved with a huge event like this. Leaving the United States is something that I have never done before. A whole week away from home is something that scared me at the time. I kept it in the back of my head throughout the year and the time came to make my decision. The decision I made would, without me realizing it, change my life forever. My trip to Jamaica would teach me just how blessed I am. The anticipation before the trip got worse as time went by. The type of person who wanted to be the least involved was definitely me. I was always the type of person to get worried over the small things. Instead of seeing the big picture, I found myself analyzing all the tiny details. Approaching conformation class with this attitude was hard. I was never really giving these classes a chance. Conformation class was the last thing I wanted to be doing on my Sunday nights. The reason I went to these classes was because my parents forced me too. The only place I wanted to be was at home on my computer. The days went by and the summer drew closer. The time was finally here to register for the trip. I arrived in Kingston, Jamaica onlyShow MoreRelatedThe Anatomy Of Dead Insects And How Close I Was A Doctor835 Words   |  4 Pages Too young to remember when my parents moved back to Jamaica, the land of their birth, but old enough to know that there was something strikingly different between living in New York and living in Jamaica. Before entering primary school my dad gave me the Atlas of Human Anatomy, I never cared for the big words then but those pictures peeked my interest even more. I guess my dad figured I was interested in medicine since I always tried to study the anatomy of dead insects and how close I was to ourRead MoreMy Relationship With Family Reunions Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagessets of family members that lived close enough to visit. However, I was aware that my family was sizable and I had the opportunity to see a handful of them when we would visit Buff Bay, Jamaica for family reunions. Hundreds of us would gather from all over the world to enjoy each other’s company for the time we could spend together. My family attended these reunions every two years until I was in fourth grade . As my mom transitioned to a new job, it was clear we did not have the finances to attendRead MoreI Am On A Mission Trip From The Summer Between My Sophomore And Junior Years. High School1348 Words   |  6 Pagessummer between my sophomore and junior years in high school, I went on a mission trip to Haiti. It was a year after the earthquake, and everything was still completely destroyed. I couldn t have imagined what I saw; the extreme poverty and disparity was beyond words. And when I got back home, I couldn t imagine a life in which I forgot what I had just seen or lived no differently than before. That trip ignited a passion for fighting poverty, disparity, hunger and disease. It opened my eyes and refocusedRead MoreMy Trip On My Life1771 Words   |  8 Pagesplanning, and even along the way doubting, I flew out April 14, 2014 to Jamaica. This trip completely changed my life from the traveling experience, to what I did there, and to the things people taught me there that I will never forget. In one week God completely wrecked my world. Here I am 15 years old getting on a plane to a country with 46 other people from my school to head to Jamaica. We flew out from Tampa, Florida which is my hometown and the flight took about 2 hours, but for me it felt likeRead MoreAnalysis : Jamaica Mission Trip2138 Words   |  9 PagesCassie McWhirt Professor Traw English Comp 1 20 September 2017 Jamaica Mission Trip Americans are among the wealthiest people in the world. Most of us US citizens do not fully realize how much poverty is out there in the world. Traveling internationally is a privilege that is often dreamed about by many people worldwide. We see postcards and pictures of places wishing that we could see the palm trees, the turquoise water, and the sandy beaches. But what the postcards do not portray is the dark andRead MoreThe Students Of English 11201196 Words   |  5 Pagesthey would not adapt as well to new traditions. Traveling takes a student outside of their realm, literally and emotionally. They are forced to be flexible. Students are interested in learning about different cultures, because every year for Tri-S trips groups travel out of the country. If the students’ desire was solely to serve other people, they would be able to complete that task within a closer location. Students desire more than that. They want to meet and learn from people who have very differentRead MoreWhy I Am A Doctor778 Words   |  4 Pages Growing up in Jamaica as an American child was a lot of fun; the rivers, the vegetation, the mountains, the people and the food are in supposable. However; painful moments exist after my grandparents died and my dad could not obtain any answers, it was tough memories for the each person. As a child, I was always interested in medicine, never forgot my Atlas of Human Anatomy my dad gave to me as a child, then the pictures was the utmost intriguing part. These painful memories lingered and are onlyRead MoreThe Great Historians Missionary That I Just Wanted For Share Their Missions906 Words   |  4 PagesAs I started my research I found so many great historians missionary that I just wanted to share their missions. February 1, 1823, Betsey Stockton, a young black woman in company with 13 white missionaries, was on board a ship rounding the southern tip of South America. The missionaries were on their way to the Sandwich Islands (present-day Hawaii). They had left New Haven, Connectic ut in November, sent out by the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions, an agency at the forefront ofRead MoreMy Experience With My Mom1548 Words   |  7 Pagesbrain damage from the traumatic event. This image has been embedded in my memory since the day I accompanied my mom at work following the â€Å"take your child to work day† tradition during my fifth grade year in elementary school. My mom is an LPN who at the time was working as a home care nurse for this child. At the young age of eleven, I was unable to completely understand the circumstances that I was placed in. I watched as my mom tended to every need for this child who had no means to fend for oneselfRead More Judiasm Rastafarianism: A study of the Falashas Essay3331 Words   |  14 Pagespersonal, religious and spiritual reasons. I was born into a Jewish household, rich in the traditions and customs of my Hebrew ancestors. I grew up however in the Caribbean, home of the unique culture known as t he Rastafari. Throughout my life I have felt a deep connection between Judaism and Rastafarianism. In this paper I seek the origins and history of the connection that I feel in my heart. I believe that the Falashas are the bridge between these two cultures. The connection of the Rastas to Ethiopia

The Unexplained Puzzle Into Princeton Common App Essay Samples Uncovered

The Unexplained Puzzle Into Princeton Common App Essay Samples Uncovered Choosing Good Princeton Common App Essay Samples Upon receiving the very first invitation from a student for 201617, Recommenders are going to be able to sign in using exactly the same credentials as 201516. Every admissions office is going to have generally things they'll search for, but every college also has its own preference when it has to do with types of students. A student doesn't write admission essay to have a high grade. Get ready to complete tones of forms. Families may be requested to travel to a number of offices. In truth, it's never too early to determine what you believe your Candidacy Story is. Students across America will know what things to expect, wherever they apply. The Upside to Princeton Common App Essay Samples Adding Intent Filters to your Android app doesn't need any server-side changes in any respect. To explore system requirements, users will need to leave the homepage and locate a link provided at the base of either the registration page or among the various log-in pages. Google produced a design language named Material Design. The Princeton Common App Essay Samples Stories Even when you had to receive a job to help pay bills or stayed at home to look after your younger siblings or sick relatives, be sure to communicate your commitments. You're attempting to show colleges your very best self, therefore it might appear counterintuitive to willingly acknowledge a time you struggled. It's a fact that many scho ols no longer request a personal piece. Perhaps right now you're trying to enter the school that you dream about. The Most Popular Princeton Common App Essay Samples Different platform must be compiled separately. Your app ought to have an in depth description with all crucial metadata. Before your app can be published, you are in need of a selection of information to finish the approach. If you make an app for numerous devices, then you need to provide users with a screenshot for each gadget. From basic aesthetics to weak content, inadequate navigation, and unknown errors, there are numerous facets of design that may be improved. The target of excellent design is to supply guidance, focus, and a content hierarchy. Below, you will discover the top ten common web application design mistakes and the way to stop them from hurting your customer overall engagement. The best thing about design patterns is that it's not a last solution, rather a template that may be adapted in many unique conditions. What Is So Fascinating About Princeton Common App Essay Samples? You only need to modify your app. With the addition of a BROWSABLE intent filter, you're saying your app can be started by means of a user clicking on a web site url. The Common App provides you 650 words to explain anything you haven't had the space or opportunity to communicate in the remainder of your application. The Common App is simply useful if people are able to find and utilize it. So, there's no need to be concerned about someone requesting a refund. To begin with, you should choose which urls on your site should link to which screens in your cellular app. A thorough pre-submission process increases the possibility your app is not going to fail. If your college have common app then there isn't any need to file your details in office or basic office you're able to submit it to the college app. Evaluate a substantial experience, achievement, risk you've taken, or ethical dilemma you've faced and its effect on you. Colleges are interested in a feeling of maturity and introspectionpinpoint the transformation and demonstrate your private growth. While having the ability to write about whatever you wish sounds great in theory, some students findespecially at the start of the brainstorming processthat they are debilitated by the subject of your choice option for the reason that it offers an excessive amount of option. In general, there's no single correct topi c. If it isn't aligned, then it is not Spikey so either find a means to receive it aligned or strike it off the list. The expression gamification is now popular as a means to describe the usage of game elements as extrinsic motivators. A big part of the Common App is, clearly, the essay. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is rather effective. Individual schools sometimes need supplemental essays. Writing a terrific college admission essay requires a lot of creativity. You may also read more here about what you could do in your application to stand out to these no supplement colleges, as you won't have a particular essay for every one of them. Anyway, college community may locate a valuable input offered by my essay.

Export Import Sitution of Bangladesh free essay sample

It gives ours immense pleasure to submit an assignment on export import situation of BD. This assignment is submitted as a partial fulfillment as a part of our course. The preparation of  the assignment has given ours and insightful experience and in-depth knowledge on â€Å"Export Import Situation of BD. We have given our best effort to make it worthy one and each aspect of the problem is considered and studied as required. May we, therefore, and hope that you would be gracious enough to our effort and oblige thereby. Yours sincerely, Business Exclusive 4th Batch(4th year 1st semester) Dept. f Marketing Jagannath university Table of content Abstract Objectives of the study Limitations of the study Methodology Bangladesh Trade: History Bangladesh Trade: Growth Export Situation in Bangladesh Bangladesh Export Performance Country-wise Exports of Bangladesh Export Earnings and Export Growth Export Earnings and Export Growth by Commodities Export Target and Performance Challenging Iss ues for Bangladesh export Strategies to overcome the Challenge Import Situation of Bangladesh Import Composition and Growth Imports of Bangladesh from 2004-05 to 2008-09 Imports of Major Commodities Problems of import to Bangladesh Balance of Trade Future probability of export import of Bangladesh Recommendations Conclusion References Abstract Trade is an integral part of the total developmental effort and national growth of all economies including Bangladesh. We will write a custom essay sample on Export Import Sitution of Bangladesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It particularly plays a central role in the development plan of Bangladesh where foreign exchange scarcity constitutes a critical bottleneck. Export trade can largely meet ‘foreign exchange gap’, and export growth would increase the import capacity of the country that, in turn, would increase industrialization, as well as overall economic activities. Bangladesh’s import needs are substantial; hence the need to rapidly increase exports is immediate. In order to finance the imports and also to reduce the country’s dependence on foreign aid, the Government of Bangladesh has been trying to enhance foreign exchange earnings through planned and increased exports. However, the global trade scenario has exposed structural limitations of the Bangladesh economy, posing a variety of challenges for the country that has underdeveloped technology and a low capital base. In this paper we discuss the composition, performance and trends of foreign trade of Bangladesh. In the process, we examine Bangladesh’s export and import performance compared to those of various countries, regions and the world over the years. We also discuss the sources of Bangladesh’s imports and directions of Bangladesh’s exports and the dynamic changes over the years, and highlight the trends of export and import shares to GDP and trade balance positions with different countries, regions as well as the world. Trade policy reforms of Bangladesh and major issues, challenges and policy options are also discussed briefly. Objectives of the study The objective of the report is- â€Å"To acquire the practical knowledge about export and import situation of Bangladesh. Limitations of the study The study suffered a number of limitations: * Lack of the part of experience of the researchers. * Unconfirmed accuracy of certain information acquired. * Lack of information from the primary source. * The comparisons may not be effective enough. * Lack of time for preparing the report. Methodology To prepare the report, supportive information is gathered from the following sources: * Primary Sources Secondary Sources Bangladesh Trade History The value of imports doubled between 1971 and 1991 as compared to the value of exports. The trade deficit has declined considerably owing to an increase in exports since 1991. A closer look at the trade statistics of the country reveals that in 1989-90, imports exceeded exports by 120%. This percentage came down to 56% in 1996 and 62% in 1997. The economy of Bangladesh was once riding on jute, its ma jor produce. In the late 1940s, its share of the world jute export market was 80%, which came down to 70% in the 1970s.

Atticus Essays - Atticus, Ron Hansen, Detective Mystery, Dad Scott

Atticus Essays - Atticus, Ron Hansen, Detective Mystery, Dad Scott Atticus Atticus, a deeply affecting novel by Ron Hansen, opens in winter on the high plains of Colorado to the tropics of Mexico, as well as from the realm of whodunit detective mystery to the larger realm of the Mystery, which has its own heartbreaking, consoling, and redemptive logic. Misunderstanding, dissolute, prodigal, wayward, wastrel, alias, and bribery are only a few words that tell the powerful story of Atticus. The case was labeled as a suicide. The body was identified as forty-year-old Scott William Cody, a blue-eyed white male. The plot of the book takes three sharp turns. It begins as a conventional novel about the relationship between a father and his troubled adult son. After one character dies, it zigs into a murder mystery, and by the end has zagged into something entirely different, a parable, let's say, in which characters find redemption. Atticus Cody, Colorado cattle rancher turned oilman, appears at first to be a remote and judgmental dad, but as we observe the gentle, persistent concern he shows for his wayward son Scott, we discover nothing less than the ideal dad. Scott's testing of his father's love goes way beyond normal bounds: his alcoholism and general irresponsibility actually cause the deaths of several other characters. Scott's peregrinations take Atticus from his home in Colorado to the slums and bohemian underworld of a Mexican town. There, Atticus confronts a seamy and labyrinthine corruption that tries to separate him from the love of his son. Atticus, the Father, won't let go, and that's the point. In my humble opinion, the message of the book is that an ultimately moving meditation on the ineffable, unmatchable love between a parent and a child should always be a close bond, because you might not have a second chance for reconciliation. Atticus Cody receives a surprise Christmas visit from Scott, his estranged son who has been leading the life of a wastrel expatriate in Mexico. The friction between them is electric, and despite Atticus's profound love for his son he is unable to overcome the differences between them, and Scott returns to Mexico with their conflicts unresolved. Any hopes for reconciliation end when Scott supposedly commits suicide a few weeks later. Atticus journeys to Mexico to recover the body and he uncovers the story of his son's death, fitting together the pieces of mosaic that was Scott's life in Mexicoand encountering a group of disturbing characters along the way. Upon learning the circumstances surrounding his son's death, Atticus begins to suspect Scott was murdered. Unsatisfied with the police investigation, the sixty-seven year old father begins his own, struggling to comprehend the enigma of Scott's life and final days. It is an investigation that leads Atticus to an unexpected, but emot ionally satisfying conclusion. Scott alias Reinhardt Schmidt, finally stopped the charade and disclosed his true identity and reunited with his father, bringing them closer than ever before. Scott Cody was in a lot of turmoil. He felt as if he was nothing, and couldn't do anything productive with his life. He was suicidal and was treated for it, where he also madly fell in love with Renata, his on-and-off girlfriend. He felt devastated when he lost her to another man. Scott was in even greater trouble when he was involved in a hit-and-run accident, where he killed a seventeen-year-old girl. The girl's boyfriend went after Scott, and accidentally murdered Reinhardt Schmidt instead of Scott. Scott realizes that will be a dead man if he doesn't take on Schmidt's identity. But soon enough, Scott realizes all the devastation that he brought to his family and to his friends, and so then he decides to unfold the truth behind his identity. I think I speak for everyone when I say this, we usually take people for granted. We don't talk the way we should, or express ourselves to the fullest. We later regret our behaviors when it's too late. Each day is a new day, and no one can really predict the contents, whether its good or bad. We should all treat each other with respect and love for one another, and treasure every moment you have with one another, because you never know what life will have in store for

Barbie as the Epitome of Beauty essays

Barbie as the Epitome of Beauty essays Short skirts, tiny waists, large breasts, and flawless airbrushed smiling faces. These are the images of womanhood that I have seen while I was growing up. I see them on the television, on the sides of buses, on billboards, magazines, and everywhere else. And I wonder why so many female adolescents have self-image and weight issues? Add these limited images of feminine beauty a little baby pink, blond hair, blue eyes, and what do we have? I would have to guess the beloved plastic childhood toy that smiles out to us in the Pepto-Bismol coloured isles at Wal-Mart - Barbie. Since the time I was a toddler, I have witnessed the preaching of society that, features like Barbie's are the epitome of what it means to be beautiful woman. Tiny waists and large breasts were beginning to come out as the image of feminine beauty. Society has unconsciously made women focus their attention on their looks, which in my opinion has turned into a social disease. I think that Barbie was an early advocator of the "beauty myth". A doll who, if she were real, would be too thin to fit all of her internal organs and is too busty to stand under her own power. Barbie living in her pink palace and riding her pink corvette with her molded man Ken. Barbie had taught me that every member of society was living this very same life. I have to question if the weight of responsibility for this beauty myth falls only on Barbie's tiny plastic shoulders? But of course not! To be fair, Barbie was not the only culprit, I can remember getting dolls whose main purpose was to remove or apply make-up, style hair, or spend fake money with a fake credit cards, as if that's all it meant to be a woman! Barbie had now redefined what is was like to be a feminine in our society. Although today I can see more of an ethnic variety when it comes to dolls, but the majority has perfect white skin. I still believe that Barbie reigns as Queen of it all; queen of pink, of po...

Is it possible for EU Multinational investment in China to benefit Essay

Is it possible for EU Multinational investment in China to benefit both the EU and China - Essay Example This, Oehler-Sincai (2011:74) notes can be attributed to the high growth rate in these economies and the high level of transformation from efficiency driven economies towards innovation driven economies. China in particular, has experienced the strongest growth among the emergent countries over the past three decades. This has been characterised with a high level of investment projects from various developed countries, the European Union (EU) the world’s leading source and host of foreign direct investment, being among them (Vanino, 2012:70). Both China and the EU are among the largest host and source of foreign direct investment in the world and the two countries have over the past years developed an integrated industrial and commercial relationship (Bustillo and Maiza, 2012: 355). Despite the continuously increasing trading relationship between the EU and China, increase investment flows between the two countries have remained limited in comparison. While the European invest ors agree and concur to the suitability of China as a desirable investment location that has high unexploited potential, there are still high concerns concerning a ‘lack of level playing field’ in the region as well as uncertainty and persistent barriers in the Chinese business environment (European Commission, 2012). In recent years, EU investment in China has reached about 20% of all foreign direct investment (FDI) in China. At the same time, China is also growing to be an active investor globally with a growing share invested in the EU market (Vanino, 2012:70). The high optimism on the growth potential within the Chinese market however does not translate immediately to EU confidence in China market as a predictable and sustainable investment environment. This is mainly because of the persistent barriers in China. Furthermore, the EU feels that China has obtained more benefits from their trading and investment relationship, as EU investment environment is more open to China, than China is to EU investors (Vanino, 2012:70; Bustillo and Maiza, 2012: 355). Taking into account the rising importance of China as an investment destination for EU investors, it is important to examine whether it is possible for EU investments in China to benefit both EU and China. Hence, this paper seeks to accomplish this purpose. Background to EU Multinational investment in China Over the past three decades since the Chinese reforms which liberalised the economy to adopt a more market based economy, China has rapidly experienced high growth rates, which has elevated economic development in the country (European Commission, 2011). Over this period, China has experienced a 9% annual average growth rates with its GDP rising exponentially to 5% of the global GDP. This growth resulted to the highest drop in poverty within a country in world history as the people living under a dollar a day reduced by 170 million between 1990 and 2000, and as the country experienced a sudden surge in middle class with a large purchasing power (Commission of the European Communities, 2006). The increased integration of China into the World’s trading system, mainly spurred by the country’s inclusion in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001, provided China with export markets that were open, hence elevating the country into a trading power. Furthermore, China became a major recipient of FDI with more than

Ronald Reagan, Lyndon B. Johnson and Franklin D. Roosevelt - most Essay

Ronald Reagan, Lyndon B. Johnson and Franklin D. Roosevelt - most dominant and active presidents of the United States of America - Essay Example President Roosevelt regarded public welfare considerations to eclipse individual autonomy in importance; however, he prepared to use the influence of the government to force people to act in the public interest. Unlike Roosevelt, we find that Ronald Reagan acknowledged or considered the government as being part of the problem and not the solution in the economic impasse. On the other hand, President Lyndon Johnson was the major proponent of the thought that the government, particularly a big national government, was the best solution to most of the problems of the United States. During the presidency of Johnson, the first debates regarding minimum wage was initiated, being extensively backed by the Equal Opportunities Office. These individuals believed that if the redistribution of income were to be done in an appropriate manner, then a ware rate would actually be a big step (Tim 56-85). Just like Reagan, we find that Johnson also had a dislike for communism and promised to bring it to an end in Vietnam.

Amoco Cadiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Amoco Cadiz - Essay Example It persisted in the form of asphalt crust and continued rescinding marine life. The spill affected vacationer’s shores at Plougasnou and rock beaches of Perros-Guirec and Tregastel. The rough sea contributed to the rapid emulsification of water and oil, which further convoluted the cleanup scuffles making the sea wary forever. Devastatingly, fishermen continued fishing despite the sheer fact that fish had developed skin tumors and ulcerations (Patrick, 1982). Despite destroying marine ecosystem, the tragedy transpired through the food chain into human beings and affected several generations. Two weeks after Amoco Cadiz grounded, its effects were felt far-flung and evident. Simmering with indignation, inhabitants of injured communities initiated a frantic battle against the mischance (Patrick,1982). Despite the French media’s attempt to verbose the apocalyptic images of the enormous oil slick, the entire nation was traumatized with the tragedy. Astilleros, the manufacturer, was indicted under the tort of negligence where the affected local communities and the government received 190 million euros after 14 years of multifaceted proceedings. The significant effects of the tragedy gave the French government an inordinate opportunity to review its Polmar Plan (oil response strategy), to create Cedre, and acquired Polmar stocks. This was in an effort to curb future marine accidents and augment environmental fortification and

Structural and Optical Properties of Pulsed Laser

Structural and Optical Properties of Pulsed Laser Structural and Optical Properties of Pulsed Laser Deposited ZnO/TiO2 and TiO2/ZnO Thin Films R. K. Jain, Praveen K. Jain Abstract. ZnO/TiO2 and TiO2/ZnO thin films have been deposited on single crystal Si (100) substrate using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique in order to improve structural and optical properties of ZnO and TiO2 thin films. It was observed that the deposition of TiO2 film prior to ZnO, exhibited higher crystallinity along (002) diffraction peak, small compressive strain and stress and thereby rendering better optical properties as compared to ZnO films deposited directly on Si substrates. On the other hand, TiO2 thin film deposited on Si substrate exhibited pure anatase phase while the use of ZnO buffer was found to improve the crystallinity of TiO2 thin film. The photoluminescence spectra showed that TiO2 and ZnO buffer layers enhanced ultraviolet emissions of the ZnO and TiO2 thin films to a larger extent, respectively. Keywords: ZnO, TiO2, Optical properties, Photoluminescence PACS: 78.66.Hf, 78.55.Et, 68.37.Ps Introduction ZnO is suitable for the production of light emitting devices and a promising candidate for the next generation of electronic devicesdue to its wide band gap (3.37 eV) and large exciton binding energy (60 meV)[1]. ZnO thin films play an important role in solid-state display devices, solar cells and exciting acoustic waves at microwave frequencies[2]. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most important semiconductors with high photocatalytic activity, non-toxicity, stability in aqueous solution, and is relatively inexpensive. The excellent photocatalytic property of TiO2 is due to its wide band gap and long lifetime of photogenerated holes and electrons [3-4]. It has been reported that the deposition of ZnO or TiO2 thin films on Si substrates at elevated temperature leads to increase in oxygen vacancies as the surface Si atoms easily capture oxygen atom from ZnO or TiO2, which deteriorates the quality of the these films [5]. So it is required to improve various properties of ZnO and T iO2 films for their potential applications. In the present study, a systematic investigation has been performed in order to improve the structural and optical properties of these films using buffer layers. ZnO and TiO2 are chosen as a buffer layer material on the basis of following considerations: (a) Both are wide-band-gap materials, (b) both exhibit high chemical and thermal stability, (c) both have high refractive indices, high transmittance in the visible region and intense absorption in the ultraviolet band and (d) both are low cost material. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILs ZnO and TiO2 thin films have been deposited on Si (100) substrate by ablating high purity (99.9%) ZnO and TiO2 ceramic target using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The KrF excimer laser with wavelength of 248 nm was used for deposition. The pulse repetition rate was 10Hz with laser fluence of about 2–3Jcm−2. The target to substrate distance, working O2 pressure and deposition temperature were kept 35mm, 50 mTorr, and 500Â °C respectively. The thickness of the film and buffer layer was measured using cross section FE-SEM and found to be ~200 nm and 50 nm, respectively. The phase and orientation of as-grown thin films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (Bruker AXS D-8 Advance Diffarctometer) using CuKÃŽ ± (ÃŽ »=1.5407 Ã…) radiation. The surface morphology was examined using atomic force microscope (NTMDT: NTEGRA model). Absorption spectra have been taken using UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer (Varian Cary 5000) and PL study was performed using photolumines cence spectrometer (Perkin Almer LS-55). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION XRD pattern reveled that ZnO thin film grown on Si (100) substrate was preferentially oriented along the c-axis with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and the use of TiO2 buffer layer increases crystallinity along (002) diffraction peak as shown in Figure 1. On the other hand, TiO2 thin film exhibit pure anatase phase and crystallinity was improved along (004) plane by inserting the ZnO buffer layer between substrate and TiO2 thin film. The improved crystallinity of thin film using buffer layer resulted from the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient between ZnO and TiO2, which is smaller than that of between ZnO and Si or TiO2 and Si. The lattice mismatch between ZnO and Si (1 0 0) are 40%, whereas for their counterparts i.e. between ZnO and anatase-structured TiO2 are 14% [6]. Therefore, the decrease of lattice mismatch is another reason for the improved crystallinity. The crystallite size calculated using Scherer’s formula is shown in Table 1. The strain along the c axis, zz is given by the following equation [7]: (1) where c is the lattice parameter of the strained ZnO films calculated from x-ray diffraction data and c0 is the unstrained lattice parameter of ZnO. The lattice mismatch between film and substrates can result in varying degrees of stress during the growth process of thin films. The results show that the compressive strain is present in all fabricated ZnO and TiO2 films, which is derived from lattice mismatch between substrates and films owing to increase in crystallite size, and the stress is decreased with the buffer layer. Figure 2 shows the AFM image of the deposited thin films. The grain size and average surface roughness increases when buffer layer is used due to enhancement in crystallinity. Figure 3 shows the room temperature PL spectra of ZnO and TiO2 thin films grown on Si substrate with and without buffer layer. The ZnO film deposited on Si (100) substrate exhibits strong ultraviolet emission peak along with weak green–yellow emission band. The ultraviolet emission of ZnO films is generally considered to be resulted from recombination of free exciton, whereas the green emission is mainly resulting from oxygen vacancies [8]. The PL spectra of TiO2 thin film deposited on Si (100) substrate shows a broad emission band from 390 to 450nm and there are two emission peaks superimposed on the broad emission band. The peak before 350nm (~3.5eV) is ascribed to direct electron-hole recombination which should be equal to or slightly bigger than the TiO2band gap. The emission band from 390 to 450nm (corresponding to 3.2–2.75eV) arises from indirect band gap and surface recombination processes. Further observation indicates that there are two small peaks at the wavel ength range from 460 to 500 nm. These PL signals are attributed to excitonic PL, which mainly result from surface oxygen vacancies and defects of the films. It is observed that ZnO thin film deposited on the TiO2 buffer layer shows stronger ultraviolet emission, as compared to ZnO thin film grown without buffer layer, with no visible emission. The absence of visible emission shows the defect free formation of film. Similarly, the use of ZnO buffer layer also removes the oxygen defects emission peak of TiO2 thin film. The enhanced ultraviolet emission from ZnO thin films grown on TiO2 buffer layer is also probably connected with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between ZnO and TiO2. After the excitation of electron–hole pairs in TiO2 layer, the energy is easily transferred to ZnO films due to resonance effect [9] as a result, the band gap emission of ZnO is enhanced. From optical absorption spectra of ZnO and TiO2 thin films, It is observed that ultraviolet absorption edge of ZnO and TiO2 film with buffer layer has a red-shift, compared with ZnO and TiO2 thin film grown on bare Si (100) substrate. The value of direct band gap was found to be 3.29 and 3.24 eV for ZnO thin films grown on Si substrate without and with TiO2 buffer layer, respectively. On the other hand, the value of indirect band gap was found to be 3.24 and 3.19 eV for TiO2 thin films deposited on Si (100) substrate without and with ZnO buffer layer. The decrease in optical band gap of the films could be related to the enhancement in crystallite (grain) size leading to a smaller number of grain boundaries. On the other hand the compressed lattice will provide a wider band gap because of the increased repulsion between the oxygen 2p and the zinc 4s bands [10]. CONCLUSISON ZnO, TiO2, ZnO/TiO2 and TiO2/ZnO thin films on Si (100) substrate were prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique. XRD and AFM result demonstrate that the crystallinity of ZnO and TiO2 thin films are considerably improved by using TiO2 and ZnO buffer layer, respectively. Compared with PL of ZnO thin film, UV intensity of ZnO grown on TiO2 buffer layer has increased about two fold. Similarly, the ZnO buffer layer improved the UV emission of TiO2 thin film. The band gap of ZnO and TiO2 thin film grown on buffer layer found to decrease due to improved crystallinity. REFERENCES [1] X. Teng, H. Fan, S. Pan, C. Ye, G. Li, Materials Letters 61 (2007) 201–204. [2] G. C. Yi, C. R. Wang, W. I. Park, Semicond. Sci. Technol 20 (2005) S22. [3]X. Zhang, F. Zhang, K. Y. Chan, Material Chemistry Physics 97 (2006) 384. [4]A. B. Bodade, A. M. Bende, G. N. Chaudhari, Vaccum 82 (2008) 588. [5] X. M. Fan, J. S. Lian, Z. X. Guo, H. J. Lu, Appl. Surf. Sci. 239 (2005) 176 [6] L. Xu, L. Shi , X. Li , Applied Surface Science 255 (2008) 3230–3234 [7] H. C. Ong, A. X. E. Zhu, and G. T. Du, Applied Physics Letter 80 (2002) 941. [8] Y. Zhang, B. Lin, Z. Fu, C. Liu, W. Han, Optical Materials 28 (2006) 1192. [9] H.Y. Lin, Y. Y. Chou, C. L. Cheng, Y. F. Chen, Optical Express 15 (2007) 13832. [10] R. Ghosh, D. Basak, S. Fujihara, Journal Applied Physics 96 (2004) 2689.

Lewis And Clark :: essays research papers fc

The Lewis and Clark expedition across the present day United States began May 14, 1804. With the approval of President Jefferson and the U.S. Congress, Lewis and Clark gathered an exploration party of about four dozen men. These men headed off to discover Western America. On September 1, 1805, they arrived at the Bitterroot Mountains, near present day Idaho. This began a nightmare that would not end until they reached modern-day Weippe. September 1, 1805, the explorers set out traveling west, heading into rough, seldom traveled, mountainous country. They stopped at today’s North Fork of the Salmon River, known as Fish Creek to Lewis and Clark, where they caught five fish, and were able to kill a deer (MacGregor 125). Some of the men’s feet and horse’s hooves were injured due to the rough, rocky terrain. The next day, they were entering mountains far more difficult to pass than any American had ever attempted (Ambros 284). Clark describes the route: "Throuâ⠂¬â„¢ thickets in which we were obliged to cut a road, over rocky hillsides where horses were in perpetual danger of slipping to their certain distruction and up and down steep hills†¦" (De Voto 232). Traveling along the steep hills, several horses fell. One was crippled, and two gave out. Patrick Gass described the trip that day as, "†¦the worst road (If road it can be called) that was ever traveled" (MacGregor 125). To make conditions even worse, it rained that afternoon, which made the trail even more treacherous. The party was only able to travel five miles that day. On September 3, snow fell and the team’s last thermometer broke. Several more horsed slipped and injured themselves. Later that day, the snow turned into sleet. The expedition family consumed the last of their salt pork and fish and began their descent into the Bitterroot Valley. That night, was the coldest yet. The next day, the party went down a very steep descent to a river that Le wis named, Clark’s River, (Today known as The Bitterroot River.) There, they encountered a band of Salish Indians, whom the captains called Flatheads. They stayed there with the Indians the next couple of days to trade. They acquired thirteen new Appaloosa Horses, including three colts, for seven worn out horses. The Salish Indians shared berries and roots with the men for their meals. On September 6, they set off traveling northward along the Bitterroot River for about ten miles.

Providian Trust

(1) What key issues and challenges led to the initiation of the Access Plus project? Please think about the external vs. internal and business vs. technological aspects of the issues and challenges.From an internal point of view, Providian Trust board members felt that the trust’s information system was outdated and therefore the day-to-day activities, which could be done more efficiently with a new software and process, were taking long periods of time and lots of resources. Per example, generating a financial report for a client would take the effort of several trust operators from the front office and back office which is an excess of human resource, and would take about 3 months to generate it.Clients felt they didn’t have to wait so much for a report. These kind of complain were making Providian Trust look bad against their competitors, who took considerably less time doing the same activities. Technological speaking, the Access Plus project has a big challenge. Ac cording to the information provided, the trust officers are very old dated when it comes to PC usage, some of them don’t even use one.One of the biggest division of Providian Trust (Pension & Institutional Trust Services) had the largest amount of full time employees (FTE) yet they were losing money, that’s why another important issue that led to the initiation of this project was the amount of money that was wasted by wrong handling of processes. Since trust officers usually gave late or inaccurate statements, the company was giving around 2 to 5 million $ a year in compensating wages.(2) What organizational changes that the company should have made (but failed to do) before and during the project to ensure the success of the Access Plus project?This project was basically a change initiative project. To have an effective change implementation, a careful evaluation of the problem needs to be made to begin with. I believe the team leader, Michael LeBlanc, understood the problem well but failed to properly select the change initiative team and also failed to create a sense of urgency among the organization regarding  why the change was needed. To have an effective change team, champions and helpers from every step of the organization need to be chosen.Per example, by completely ignoring the 240 IT personnel (even when IT was an essential part of the project, if not the most essential), the change team was missing important members and that made it lack credibility. The employees and trust officers were not convinced from the beginning about why the change was needed, therefore they didn’t believe in it and they didn’t even put in the effort. They also should have done a better selection of the program, focusing more in the company’s needs then in the competitor’s status.(3) What were the strengths and weaknesses of Providian’s approach in managing the project?As far as strengths go, I would only think that havin g the funds ready to make the project is one of them and also having a leader convinced that the change is needed. When it comes down to weaknesses we have lack of communication between change teams. Also, the employees are not convinced about the change and most of them were resisting it until the end. Another weakness is the lack of computer knowledge from the staff and trust officers and also how behind the IT staff was regarding the installation of computers. And lastly, informing employees that some of them will be let go off after the change, created stress in the job and made it harder for the initiative to be effective.(4) How would you evaluate the role (good or bad) that the internal auditor Peter Storey played throughout the project? Do you agree with him, why and why not? (if you were in his role what would you have done differently?)Should he be fired, why and why not?I believe Peter Storey played a good role. His job was to audit the system and give an unbiased opinion . It was his opinion that the proper controls were not in place to implement the change and I also share that view. In his report he states 13 identified risks that were not communicated to Walsh by LeBlanc. I would have sent this report to the CEO as well. I don’t think he should have been fired since he was informing his point of view and seemed  very valid. I believe the CEO made this decision without the proper information, and he also wanted the implementation to happen so he chose to follow the external audit.(5) If you were in charge of the project, what would you do differently? What have been your experience and observations of IS projects in your organization? If you were in charge of a healthcare IS implementation project in your organization, what would be the top three things-issues on your agenda list?I would’ve created a bigger sense of urgency regarding the need for change. It’s a critical aspect for a change initiative to be successful, otherw ise people don’t believe in it and its doom to fail, or work inappropriately. I would have chosen a more qualified steering committee (seeing as they didn’t feel accountable for what they were doing).I have never been part of a IS project, however I think my top three things would be: A. Properly training staff training in IT basic. B. Selection of a well varied change team and a good planned objective, easy to share with the staff. C. Open communication channels between the organizational line, from back staff to change champion. When these kind of changes are being implemented, most of the times the lower level has a better view of the issues that occur than the higher level.

Argument and Logic Essays

Argument and Logic Essays Argument and Logic Essay Argument and Logic Essay Augustine on God and Time Why did God choose to create the world at the time he did and not at some other As Augustine questioned, he believed that Plato and Plotinusâ„ ¢s assumption was false, maintaining that God does not exist in time; instead, time began with the creation by God of the world. By the very notion that Augustine goes through great lengths to support his position of a false assumption, is the very definition of an argument. It is evidence that as Augustine started his walk in Christianity, he became saturated with the teachings of the Platonists. His faith was so strong and he was so opinionated about it that anything that he found consistent, he adopted; anything contrary to the faith was amended. By definition, Logic, the study of correct inference, is concerned with whether and to what extent a reason truly does support a conclusion. This concept is indeed relevant in the reading when St. Augustine regarded Plotinus and Plato as having prepared him for Christianity by exposing him to important Christian principles before he encountered them in scripture. Augustine had a very strong inclination toward skepticism and was tempted to believe that nothing can be known. Plato and Plotinus enabled Augustine to overcome this inclination. Strengths and Weaknesses One way of looking at these options is to say to oneself, As to whoâ„ ¢s strength and weaknesses do you speak of. On one hand, itâ„ ¢s apparent that Augustineâ„ ¢s teaching of Christianity was that of his own interpretation. He took what he learned and interpreted and began to teach from that aspect, but is that the correct module to teach from Are we in fact learning the true essence of Christianity from him or are we learning HIS views and opinions. Philosophy boarders on the process of debating, which though the art of persuasion, one side often prevails over the other side by presenting a superior context and/or framework of the issue. This in fact can be viewed as a weakness to one opponent, but is it truly a complete form of weakness no to get others to see your way than for them to just analyze it differently Related article

Absolute Beginner English Daily Habits and Routines

Absolute Beginner English Daily Habits and Routines After students have completed this lesson they will be able to complete most basic linguistic functions (giving personal information, identifying and basic description skills, talking about basic daily tasks, and how often those tasks are done). While there is obviously a lot more learning to be done, students can now feel confident that they have a strong base on which to build in the future. With this lesson, you can help students begin speaking in longer phrases by having them prepare a talk on their daily activities that they can then read or recite to their fellow classmates and which can then be used as the basis for questions. Part 1: Introduction Give the students a sheet with various times of the day. For example: 7:007:308:0012:003:305:006:3011:00 Add a list of verbs they are familiar with on the board. You may want to write a few examples on the board. For example: 7.00 - get up7.30 - eat breakfast8.00 - go to work Teacher: I usually get up at 7 oclock. I always go to work at 8 oclock. I sometimes have a break at half past three. I usually come home at five oclock. I often watch TV at eight oclock. etc. (Model your list of daily activities to the class two or more times.) Teacher: Paolo, what do I often do at eight oclock in the evening? Student(s): You often watch TV. Teacher: Susan, when do I go to work? Student(s): You always go to work at 8 oclock. Continue this exercise around the room asking students about your daily routine. Pay special attention to the placement of the adverb of frequency. If a student makes a mistake, touch your ear to signal that the student should listen and then repeat his/her answer accenting what the student should have said. Part II: Students Talk About Their Daily Routines Ask students to fill out the sheet about their daily habits and routines. When students are finished they should read their list of daily habits to the class. Teacher: Paolo, please read. Student(s): I usually get up at seven oclock. I seldom have breakfast at half past seven. I often go shopping at 8 oclock. I usually have coffee at 10 oclock. etc. Ask each student to read their routine in class, let students read all the way through their list and take note of any mistakes they may make. At this point, students need to gain confidence when speaking for an extended period of time and should, therefore, be allowed to make mistakes. Once the student has finished, you can correct any mistakes he or she may have made. Part III: Asking Students About Their Daily Routines Ask students to once again read about their daily routine to the class. After each student has finished, ask the other students questions about that students daily habits. Teacher: Paolo, please read. Student(s): I usually get up at seven oclock. I seldom have breakfast at half past seven. I often go shopping at eight oclock. I usually have coffee at 10 oclock. etc. Teacher: Olaf, when does Paolo usually get up? Student(s): He gets up at 7 oclock. Teacher: Susan, how does Paolo go shopping at 8 oclock? Student(s): He often goes shopping at 8 oclock. Continue this exercise around the room with each of the students. Pay special attention to the placement of the adverb of frequency and the correct usage of the third person singular. If a student makes a mistake, touch your ear to signal that the student should listen and then repeat his/her answer accenting what the student should have said.

The Link Between Employee Engagement and Organization Performance Literature review

The Link Between Employee Engagement and Organization Performance - Literature review Example From the research it can be comprehended that Employees Engagement is all about obtaining workers to ‘give it their all’. Employee engagement is a vast build that touches almost every areas of HRM. If all part of HR is not addressed in proper way, employees fail to completely engage themselves in their work in the reply to such kind of mismanagement. It is also stronger forecaster of positive organizational performance obviously demonstrating the two-way relationship among employer and worker compared to the three previous constructs: workers dedication, job satisfaction and organizational residency behavior. HRM is increasingly measured a contemporary expansion that carries on to reshape employment relations. An endeavor is made to believe it an instrument that may have successfully replaced other type’s management customs like Industrial Relations and Personnel Management. Another driver is to examine a bundle of most excellent practices for example high dedicat ion management and their impact on employment relations. What ever the route HRM remains a current but evolving science coping with complex beings, and in complex companies and surroundings. â€Å"Within the HRM tradition, HRM is strategy-focused and central to the corporate plan in the planning perspective. In the people management perspective, HRM views people as social capital, capable of being developed and committed at work†.... (Elizabeth 2008). â€Å"HRM us where by the management of people is read-off the broader objective of the organization† (Marchington & Wilkinson 2005. p. 5). Many contestants signified that they practice health-related struggle resulting from the stress they experience at job. The reasons behind the job stress of the employees in the organizations are conflict among work and family responsibilities, technical advance and regular interactions among the consumer and service industry. The symptoms of job stress are, physical illness, depression, family conflict, lack of mental concentration, anxiety, extreme anger, absenteeism, frustration, and stress. (Elizabeth 2008). Worker Burnout: It is emotional overtiredness and detachment from job. Pprofessionals as well as workers are affected by this phenomenon. Various causes that may lead to the worker burnout in the current HRM in organizations are, lack of family support and community support, lack of balance in work and life, lack of time for hobbies, and finally the workers are pushed to time limits by the company. (What Is Employee Burnout? 2009). â€Å"Burnout can be symptomatic of larger issues affecting staff morale, but there are simple ways to alleviate these realities that are cost-effective and sustainable. Keep in mind that there is no magic wand here and that material solutions are not always the best approach to addressing employee burnout† (Poland 2011). Safety: Safety deals with the condition of being safe in the organizations. It also consists of protection of people or possessions. Safety aspects of the individuals in the organizations are one of the major issues faced by the companies in the current HRM. Various ways to improve the safety in the organizations are, making

Corporate communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate communications - Essay Example The corporate communication should be a manifestation of the organization’s responsibility towards society. Let us analyze Nike example regarding the same. Nike has been attacked by NGOs constantly for its attitude for its manufacturing units overseas. Nike claims itself to be a marketing firm rather than a manufacturing one. It entirely out sources its manufacturing and contracts the work across the globe. However more than once it has been embarrassed by the attacks on its overseas operations. In the year 1996, there was a child labor issue when a major story in the Life magazine featured a photograph of a very young Pakistani boy sewing a Nike Soccer ball. In response the co announced that it will raise the minimum age of the factory workers. In the 1970s most Nike shoes were made in Taiwan and South Korea. When the labor in these countries started to organize themselves for better wages and working conditions the company shifted its activities to Indonesia, China and also Vietnam. It is analyzed that Nike preferred these countries due to their poor enforcement of labor laws and also cheap labor availability. However in October 2000 , the BBC exposed Nike factory in Cambodia which broke its own strict code of conduct and rules. Post this, Nike promised to remove all underage workers from its factories and assured to pay for their education till the age of 16. In 1997, Nike was exposed for its hazardous conditions in south-east Asian factories where the labor was subjected to toxic material and fumes. All this while Nike tried to avoid responsibility for factory conditions by saying that they are â€Å"just buyers†, but the anti-sweatshop movement has refused to accept the excuse. The movement also forced Nike to take responsibility for the workers who make their products. The company incorporated CSR into its overall business strategy, which was necessary for its survival. The question arises that did Nike have to wait for the

Facquier Gas Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facquier Gas Company - Case Study Example On top of that an additional 10 miles had to be planned for the following year. Murphy was tasked with the supply of gas distribution materials like pipes, meters, and fittings and basically all the materials required to make the project a success. The vice-president of the organization was in charge of supply, designing and construction organizations. While having lunch at the company cafeteria in January, Murphy overheard the Mr. Clive Byers (construction project manager) talking of a new Fauquier Gas Company project. The company had to start construction of a new 3.5 miles gas line in June and it had to be ready by September. For the project to be completed at the expected time, murphy requested Byers to furnish him with the purchase request so he could tender the same to the mills that would be able to accommodate his schedule. However, Byers told him he had to first get Sam Law (design engineer) to complete pipe specification after which Pat Wilson (construction project engineer) approval would give the green light for the start of the project. Only then would Byers send Murphy the purchase request. This consequently required consultation for the project to be completed in time. The specifications of the pipe that Pat Wilson gave Murphy were a diameter of the pipe being 24 inches with a wall thickness of 0.75 inches with a length of 57 feet. Previously, the pipe used to have wall thickness used to be 3/8 inches while the length was 40 feet plus or minus 5 feet. The new specifications were intended to reduce the stringiness by having a thickness of  ¾ inches thickness while increase in length to 57 foot would reduce welding cost. Wilson had to decide on the wrapper to use on the pipe by making economic considerations. Previously, Fauquier contracted two companies which used coal and pry-tech and were located in Philadelphia and Atlanta respectively. What worried Mr. Murphy the most is that by April 14th; he had not received the

Identity of African American Men Essay Example for Free

Identity of African American Men Essay â€Å"No metaphor can capture completely the complexity of ethnic dynamics in the U. S. ‘Melting pot’ ignores the persistence and reconfiguration of the ethnicity over the generations. ‘Mosaic,’ much more apt for pluralistic societies such as Kenya or India, is too static a metaphor; it fails to take in to account the easy penetration of many ethnic boundaries. Nor is ‘salad bowl’ appropriate; the ingredients of a salad bowl are mixed but do not change. ‘Rainbow’ is a tantalizing metaphor, but rainbows disappear. ‘Symphony,’ like ‘rainbow,’ implies near perfect harmony; both fail to take into account the variety and range of ethnic conflict in the United States. The most accurately descriptive metaphor, the one that best explains the dynamics of ethnicity, is ‘kaleidoscope. ’ American ethnicity is kaleidoscopic, i. e. ‘complex and varied, changing form, pattern, color†¦ continually shifting from one set of relations to another; rapidly changing. ’ When a kaleidoscope is in motion, the parts give the appearance of relationships. The viewer sees and endless variety of variegated patterns, just as takes place on the American ethnic landscape. †- Lawrence Fuchs (Literature for Composition 1032) â€Å"Identity in America† was the theme chosen by my English 201 study group. This theme was taken from chapter twenty two of the Literature for composition: Reading and Writing Argument text book. However, I focused the broad theme of â€Å"Identity in America† to the more narrowed theme of â€Å"The Display of African American men in the media. † I chose this theme or topic because I felt that I can relate to it and as a matter of fact, it was also interesting to me. But in order to conduct my research on the particular topic, I came up with the following question, â€Å"How has the identity of African American men been displayed by the media: negatively or positively? † This question was chosen in order to provoke an argument for discussion. I conducted several interviews in order to acquire information about my selected topic. The media’s display of the identity of African American men can be discussed or looked at from two angles: negatively or positively. First, from my experience I can say that the media displays African American men in both lights, negatively and positively. But after conducting interviews with several individuals, my opinion has somewhat changed. I was always aware of the negative images of African/black men in the media. But I was not aware that this display had evolved overtime. My first interview was conducted with April T. Glasgow, a communications major at the University of the Virgin Islands on Wednesday 20th February 2008, at approximately ten o’clock in the morning. We conducted the interview at her dorm’s lobby. I had explained the topic prior to meeting with her, so she already had an idea about what issue the discussion would be addressing. Generally, her opinion was that black men were being exploited and portrayed negatively by the media. She also stated strongly that black men were too often portrayed or given the roles of thugs, gangsters, and pimps in films and magazines. In addition, a suggestion she made on how we could resolve this stereotype was that black people must unite and stand up against these negative portrayals especially those in rap music videos. The second interview was carried out that same day with Professor Alex Randall. His general statements were that the media has changed over the years. â€Å"The negative portrayals of the 1960’s and 1970’s have changed,† Randall stated. Randall felt that in modern times, people of color were treated more fairly and given a more positive portrayal in the media. Randall stated that there were many positive images in the media of African Americans, such as Denzel Washington, Barack Obama, Michael Jordan, and Bill Cosby. In addition, Randall said that in previous years no such image could have been seen in the media. â€Å"We are rational human beings and it’s our choice to choose what part of the spectrum of negative and positive images we would want to emulate,† said Randall. This statement impacted me and slightly changed my opinion on the topic. At that point in conducting my primary research for the paper, my position on the topic has somewhat been altered. After conducting the interviews with April T. Glasgow and Professor Alexander Randall I have become more open minded to the issue. I would admit that I was initially a bit biased and reserved on the topic prior to evaluating the topic from both sides; negatively and positively. In order to decide which position I was going to take I would have to do more secondary research on the topic. Since I started this research paper my observation and assessment of the media have taken a different turn. I now compare and contrast men of other races in the media to African American men. My secondary research was, for the most part, completed using internet sources. The articles that I discovered on the web were very useful and contributed greatly to my research. Three internet articles were analyzed to achieve the secondary data for my paper. The first article I examined was â€Å"The Media’s Bias against black men in America. † The article was basically a discussion of a piece written in the New York Times about the plight of American black men. The author, Armstrong Williams, stated that the New York Times article was another example of major media outlets using negative statistics to consistently cast black men as the scourge of this country. Williams made several strong and interesting statements throughout the article that I thought was beneficial to this research paper. For example, according to Williams, â€Å"The continual coverage of the black mans plight instead of his progress only hinders his growth, holds back our country from true equality, and hides the truth about the opportunities and challenges that we all face†(Williams  ¶4). Williams also suggested that the American public should challenge the lack of coverage of American black progress in this country (Williams  ¶5). â€Å"In the last century black men have literally gone from being slaves to business owners, government leaders, lawyers, doctors, firemen, generals, entertainers, and educators. No other oppressed class of people anywhere else in the world has advanced its standing in a society this quickly† (Williams  ¶6). I was really impressed by the way Armstrong used this statement to present his argument. In addition, Williams stated that the incidence of drug use, crime, scandal, divorce, and other social ills have increased dramatically for white men, but these statistics are not reported as problems about ‘white men in America (Williams  ¶6). â€Å"Approximately 9 out of 10 serial killers are white males between the ages of twenty and thirty five. Yet we never hear these statistics repeated over and over again in the mainstream press, making these crimes synonymous with one particular race as in this case with blacks† (Williams  ¶9). Later in the article Williams explained the image the media is creating internationally. The overseas media continuously places black men in negative positions such as school dropouts, irresponsible fathers, and victims of perpetual racism. The manner in which these stories are constructed and then, displayed to listeners and readers eliminates the possibility of believing that black men do not have positive roles (Williams  ¶10). Therefore, I agree with Williams that the repetitive negative articles can create a vicious cycle of harmful images and low expectations of black men. â€Å"The Black Image in the White Mind† is the title of the second internet article that I examined. The article was useful in constructing my opinion on the topic of how African American men are displayed in the media whether negatively or positively. The article presented some useful statistical data that was quite interesting and yet shocking to me. In this article by Robert M. Entman, he stated that a mug shot of a Black defendant is four times more likely to appear in a local television news report than of a White defendant (Entman  ¶2). He went on to say that the accused is two times more likely to be shown physically restrained in a local television news report than when the accused is a white man (Entman  ¶2). According to Entman, â€Å"The name of the accused is two times more likely to be shown on screen in a local TV news report if the defendant is black, rather than white† (Entman  ¶2). In addition, he stated that while black actors are now more visible in media, it is an open question as to how well they are being represented (Entman  ¶2). The Third article that I examined was â€Å"Black youth and mass media: current research and emerging questions† and I found it to be the most interesting of the three. This article was written by Craig Watkins, an Associate Professor of Sociology and Radio-Television- Film at the University of Texas at Austin. The article was basically an outline of some of the important research findings and emergent issues that examine the changing relationship between black American youth and the mass media industry (Watkins  ¶5). Watkins stated that for most of its history the mass media industry has produced images that distort and misrepresent the complexities of the African American experience (Watkins  ¶9). He stated that contemporary media representations of African Americans can be best described as paradoxical because blacks are simultaneously underrepresented and overrepresented in American media culture (Watkins  ¶9). According to Watkins, â€Å"blacks are underrepresented in many areas of mass media they are over represented in television sports broadcasts and crime and violence related portrayals† (Watkins  ¶13). Watkins said that images of blacks in magazines have increased but they are predominantly portrayed in athletic roles. According to Watkins, African American men are more likely to appear as athletes or musicians (Watkins  ¶14). The strongest statement throughout the article was when Watkins stated that the ‘athleticization’ of the black men in the media reproduces and popularizes long-standing myths about biological and intellectual differences between blacks and whites (Watkins  ¶15). Further analysis of Watkins’ article indicated that when African Americans are portrayed in television news it is generally in aggressive, violent, or criminal roles. Also, a recent analysis of the film industry asserts that blacks tend to be restricted to low budget features that focus disproportionately on crime, violence, and youth delinquency. The repetitious display of blacks in athletic roles creates a limited range of adult and professional role models for young black males being that they are faced with only few media images of successful African American men. The internet articles that I examined clearly showed that there is strong evidence to prove that African American men are negatively and unfairly displayed in the media. After examining these internet articles, I felt that even though they were some positive images of African American men in the media the majority of images are in some way biased or negative. After evaluating and examining my internet sources, I turned back my attention to my English 201 text book, Literature for Composition: Reading and Writing Arguments to get some more insight on the matter. While reading through chapter twenty-three, I came up on a quote from Lawrence Fuchs that I found to be tied in well with my overall all theme of identity in America. I decided to place this quote at the beginning of the research paper a sort of introduction to the overall theme. I chose this quote because it describes the complexity and internal conflicts of identity in America. Speaking of conflicts between identities, Hotel Rwanda is a film that displays such conflict to the extreme. This film was shown in class by my English professor because she said that it was in some way related to our theme and that it could also be used as a part of our secondary research. I did not really understand the connection with our theme until I saw the film. Hotel Rwanda is a historical drama about the hotel manager Paul Rusesabagina played by Don Cheadle during the Rwandan genocide and was directed by Terry George in 2004. The movie is actually based on the Rwandan genocide that occurred in 1994 where almost one million of both Tutsi and Hutu individuals were killed. In the movie which is a reflection of what actually took place, the media was used to instigate conflicts between the Tutsi and Hutu. Throughout the actual conflict the media was used as a tool to falsely display Tutsi’s as the scourge of Rwanda. For example, the radio station, RTLM was used to spread negative and hate messages about the Tutsis such as â€Å"Why do we hate the Tutsis? They are cockroaches†¦Rwanda is Hutu land. †(United Arts. Dir. Terry George. United States, 2004) All in all, it is quite evident from the primary and secondary research that there are both negative and positive displays of African American men in the media. Since the interviews I am more aware that the display of African Americans has changed over time for the better. However, from the Internet articles I have discovered that there are still a lot of negative images of African American men in the media. In addition, I learned that there are still many biases when presenting African American men in media whether on radio, television, or magazines. Overall, the research was very interesting and informative. April T. Glasgow and Professor Alexander Randall were very helpful in making my research paper a success. From carrying out this research paper I was able to conduct some interesting interviews, especially with Professor Randall. I was truly able to critically interpret and analyze the investigation in addition to improving my overall research skills. The research process was a learning experience that I will never forget. Works Cited Barnet, Sylvan, Burto William and Cain E. William. Literature for Composition. New York: Longman, 2007. Entman, Robert and Rojecki, Andrew. â€Å"Media and its Portrayal of Black Americans. † racerelations. about. com. New York. 2008. . Glasgow, April T. Personal Interview. 20 Feb. 2008. Hotel Rwanda. Dir. Terry George. Lions Gate Films and United Artists, 2004. Randall, Alexander. Personal Interview. 20 Feb. 2008. Watkins, S. Craig, â€Å"Black Youth and Mass Media: Current Research and Emerging Questions. † http://www. rcgd. isr. umich. edu/prba/perspectives/winter2000/cwatkins. pdf. Williams, Armstrong. â€Å"The Media’s Bias Against Black Men in America. † 31 March 2006. .

Computers in Homeland Security :: Technology Terrorism Terrorist Attack Prevention

Computers in Homeland Security Ever since September 11th, 2001, our nation has been completely obsessed with our own security and prevention of another tragic incident. Through this experience leaders of our country have developed a system that would allow civilians of the status of our nation?s safety. It is called Homeland Security. Homeland Security was developed with several purposes. These include: increase overall preparedness, particularly for catastrophic events, Create better transportation security systems to move people and cargo more securely and efficiently, Strengthen border security and interior enforcement and reform immigration processes, Enhance information sharing with our partners, Improve DHS financial management, human resource development, procurement and information technology, Realign the DHS organization to maximize mission performance (Home Land Security Agenda). President Bush even came up with a color code that warns the nation of the terror threat. Red means severe. Orange is High. Yellow is elevated. Blue is guarded. Green is low. However, it is made up of some of the most advanced technology in the world. These computers allow the leaders to use their color coded system to send out warnings which allow us to prevent being vulnerable. Computers are the technology and they are what the government relies on to ensure that we are all safe. One important part of the Homeland Security is the US-CERT. The US-CERT program was invented in 2003, and severs as our internet infrastructure. This branch of Homeland Security is run by the National Cyber Security Division. The acting director of US-CERT is Donald A. Purdy Jr. It protects our internet from cyber attacks. This technology is responsible for analyzing and reducing cyber threats and vulnerabilities, disseminating cyber threat warning information, as well as coordinating incident response activities. The locations of US-CERT are in Arlington, Virginia and Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. ?It relates to the Department of Homeland Security because it was established to serve as the federal government?s cornerstone for cyber security coordination and preparedness, including implementation of the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace? (Department of Homeland Security). This technology regulates the internet protocols in hopes to make virus and cyber attacks easier to d etect and prevent. They also are targeting such crimes as identity theft, financial fraud, and network intrusions. Another crucial point of this security system is being ready for the worst.

Benedick’s False Love in Much Ado About Nothing Essay -- Much Ado Abou

Benedick’s False Love in Much Ado About Nothing  Ã‚     Much Ado About Nothing is one of William Shakespeare’s best comedies and love stories.   What is not to like about a play that is hilarious, romantic, and has a happy ending?   In this play the foremost and most intriguing character is Benedick, a man who is a devout bachelor and who does not believe he will ever find the perfect woman; --because perfect is exactly what he must have.   This may seem to be a harsh and pessimistic outlook on life, but the way Shakespeare brings this character to life portrays Benedick as a funny and caring man who really is not that certain about what he wants for the future.   Benedick’s counterpart in the play is Beatrice who is an independent woman with a quick tongue.   Benedick and Beatrice despise and cannot stand each other because it is seemingly impossible for them to have a conversation without arguing and angering each other.   The two of them provide some of the more amusing scenes of the play with their word p lay and mocking of each other.   In reality though, they have much in common that they have yet to realize.   Both of them despise marriage, are witty, and are each their own persons.   These however are not the reasons why they come together.   They are brought together by their respective companions who conspire to tell each of them that the one loves the other as the two misdirected lovers listen in.   In his speech directly after this, Benedick is swayed to a life that he previously would have avoided at all costs.   In hearing of Beatrice’s supposed affection he immediately changes his entire outlook on perpetual bachelorhood and pronounces a love that is not real or his own, but comes secondhand from trickery.   Benedick â€Å"neve... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   man loves the meat in his youth that he cannot   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   endure in his age. Shall quips and sentences and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   these paper bullets of the brain awe a man from the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   career of his humor? No! The world must be peo-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   pled. When I said I would die a bachelor, I did not  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   245   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   think I should live till I were married. Here comes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Beatrice. By this day, she’s a fair lady. I do spy some   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   marks of love in her.       Works Cited Shakespeare, William;   Much Ado About Nothing;   Washington Square Press;   New York, NY;   New Folger Edition May 1995

Hrm Practices in Aarong

Part-1 Introduction Organizational overview: â€Å"To provide a stable and gainful source of employment for the under privileged rural artisans, lift up the traditional identity and the commitment of quality service† The name of the organization Aarong is a Bangla word. It means â€Å"a village fair or market†. Aarong started its journey on the basis of this slogan. Now-a-days it is an established fashion and home decor in Bangladesh. Its’ dedication is to change the lives of the disadvantages , promoting traditional products from Bangladesh and opening the doors so their products can be exported.It has grown into a thriving international enterprise showcasing ethnic wear to beautiful crafts from silks, handloom cotton, endi to terracotta, bamboo, jute and much more. It is the handicraft marketing arm of BRAC (Bangladesh Rural Advancement committee), the largest NGO in Bangladesh. Aarong has created a village fair for the craftsmen of all trades come together to exhibit and sale their traditional handicrafts. it helps vitalize the traditional craftsmanship and find a wider market for their products nationally and internationally.Established in 1978, Aarong is a fair trade organization dedicated to bring about positive changes in the lives of disadvantaged artisans and underprivileged rural women by reviving and promoting their skills and craft. Reaching out to weavers, potters, brass workers, jewelers, jute workers, basket weavers, wood carvers, leather workers and more, Aarong embraces and nurtures a diverse representation of 65,000 artisans, 85% of whom are women.Today, Aarong has become the foundation upon which independent cooperative groups and family-based artisans market their craft, in an effort to position the nation’s handicraft industry on a world platform of appreciation and acknowledgement. Background of the Organization Aarong began as a cause – a means to an end for a quiet organization fighting to uphold the di gnity of the marginalized. In 1976, when BRAC- a Bangladeshi NGO dedicated to alleviating poverty and empowering the poor, first began encouraging sericulture for women in Manikganj, their only buyers were a few scattered retailers in Dhaka.Weeks, even months would pass between supply and payment, until BRAC intervened. Aarong was born out of a need to ensure that the penniless silk farmers of Manikganj were paid for their goods upon delivery, so that they could feed their families. Today, Aarong's reach has spread beyond Manikganj to the rest of the country. It has grown into a thriving international enterprise showcasing ethnic wear to beautiful crafts from silks, handloom cotton, endi to terracotta, bamboo, jute and much more.From a single shop, Aarong has grown into one of Bangladesh's biggest retail chains, with eight stores spread across the major metropolitan areas of the country – in Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Sylhet and one in London, UK. Aarong symbolizes fairnes s in the global village. The organization has identified three basic constraints for gainful employment of the low income and marginalized people in the rural areas: lack of working capital, marketing support and opportunity for skills development.In order to bridge these gaps, Aarong provides a wide range of services to its workers and suppliers: Figure: The services Aarong provides to its’ customer and suppliers Aarong’s Mission Statement â€Å"To make Aarong the best in the world in providing a unique Bangladeshi lifestyle experience to empower people and promote Bangladesh while protecting our environment. † Vision of the organization Aarong has a vision to establish them as world’s one of the famous fair trade fashion house, and to remain market leader throughout its business. Aarong expanded its business in international arena.Aarong has a dream to develop more artisans of Bangladesh and make them self-dependent and attract more and more internation al customers towards Bangladeshi culture. Goals: †¢Empowering destitute rural women by providing opportunities for employment and income generation. †¢Ensuring commercial success of the enterprise of women producers. †¢Reviving traditional skills of rural artisans. Services: †¢Free Medical check-up including free eye treatment, eye-glasses and treatment costs for severe illnesses †¢Advance wage payments for employees in need †¢Day care services Workers retirement fund Twenty five thousand independent cooperative groups and traditional family-based artisans also market their crafts through Aarong. Potters, Brass Workers, Jewelers, Jute workers, Basket Weavers, Handloom Weavers, Silk Weavers, Wood Carvers, Leather workers and various artisans with specialized skills from all over the country come to Aarong for marketing and support services. Personality Test Result Human Metrics Jung Typology Test Based on Carl Jung’s and Isabel Briggs Myersâ€℠¢ Typological approach to personality I have been classified in the ENTP category.It refers that- I m Extrovert (67%) Intuitive (31%) Intuitive Thinking (25%) Perceiving (33%) More specifically — * I have distinctive preferences of Extraversion over Introversion (67%) * I have moderate preferences of Intuition over Sensing (31%) * I have moderate preferences of Thinking over Feeling (25%) * I have moderate preferences of Perceiving over Judging (33%) HR Planning of Aarong: Aarong is the one of the biggest fashion house in Bangladesh with ten outlets around the country. Behind the fashion house/lifestyle store Aarong has a corporate office and branches of Ayesha Abed foundation in several districts.Aarong & AAF has been employing a huge number of employees from all over the country and in some cases overseas employees. Here is the organogram of Aarong & AAF to have a look on the positions of the employees who are involved in different Human Resource activities: Figure: Organog ram of HR & Training Department of Aarong Recruitment and selection Process: Selecting and recruiting good employees for an organization is indeed one of the most crucial and critical aspects of running an organization as the decisions so taken to this respect can take the organization to the heights of success.In this respect, it must be borne in mind that each individual has a valuable contribution, irrespective of the position or status of the employee in respective organization. Staffing is the process of recruiting applicants and selecting prospective employees it is known as the key strategic are of Human Resource Management. Stated that an organization’s performance is a direct result of the individuals it employs. The specific strategies used and decisions made in staffing process will directly impact an organization’s success or lack thereof.Planning for recruitment and selection: The aim of the policy and the procedure is to support the recruitment and select ion of people with necessary ability, skills, qualification and competencies to contribute effectively to delivery of Aarong & AAF Recruitment and Selection Strategy: As Aarong has huge number of employees all around the country, they recruit different types of employees based on the nature of the jobs. Aarong recruits five types of employees, these are ?Regular ?Part time ?Temporary ?Contractual ?Project based Regular employee:Regular employees work five days a week from Sunday to Thursday, starting from 8. 30 am to 5. 15 pm. These employees will receive the entire compensation program (bonus, increment, overtime and insurance) and every other facility that are given by the organization. Part-time employees: Part- time employees are those who does not work on the regular working hours, they are given the facility of flexible work hours. Part time employees are recruited for the outlets for example – sales associates, store helper, guards etc. They are not given the facilitie s of the regular employees.However they will be given some facilities based on the contracts they have with the organization. Temporary employee: Aarong recruits temporary employees for different purposes. Some times when a position is vacant and the recruitment might take long to fill in that’s when Aarong & AAF goes for recruiting temporary employees. Temporary employees may work full time or part-time. The temporary sales associates for Ramadan work as part timer. On the other hand temporary employees for documentation work as long as full timer in Aarong. Contractual employee:Contractual employees are hired to work on certain projects or for a certain period of time. The sales associates for the Ramadan are under contract of one month whereas the interns have three months of contracts in Aarong. However depending on the nature of the job the organization may extend their contract with employees. Project based employee: Project based employees are hired for specific projec ts. The organization make contract with them to work on a certain project. To open new outlets in Mirpur and Uttara Aarong hired interior designers to design new outlets is under project based employment.Recruitment method: Aarong recruits its employee’s mostly on viva voce and they do not take any written examination of the candidates. But the interviews are conducted by several steps, which are, in first round if someone qualifies the interview then they are selected for the second round of the interview. These types of interviews are arranged for officer, executive and managerial level. But for the technical posts like IT department computer literacy is tested. But recently Aarong has stated taking written examination on computer for finance and accounts department and also for other departments as well.Only In case of design studio the applicants has to present their portfolio. The steps of recruiting the employees: To recruit the employees for different departments Aaron g goes through several steps, these are performed by the HR department: Figure: Recruitment Process in Aarong & AAF Requisition for Staff: In the beginning of the year all the departments’ head send their requisition in a fixed form to the HR department estimating the requirement of new staff for the whole year in their respective department, then HR collects the approval of the director.HRD would make yearly plan to recruit staff on the basis of the received approved requisition. According to the organizational chart, it is previously determined how many people are required to run a particular department or to do a specific kind of job. So with the resignation of an employee respective department needs to get approval for a new position, it forwards the form to HRD along with the detail particulars like educational level, experience, interpersonal skills and other skills that the job required of the deserving candidate. Check and Verify organizational Chart:Once the HR depar tment receives an approved job requisition, it is the foremost duty of the HR departments to check and verify the approval with the organizational chart. Next, the manager of HR prepares the job watch, which is to circulate for job announcement. This job watch contains job responsibility, objectives, number of vacancies of the department, educational background of the candidate, working experience and other interpersonal skills. The job watch basically asks the potential candidate to send their CV if they qualify the minimum qualification level. Sources of Recruitment:There are two kinds of sources Aarong & AAF uses for recruitment. They are ?Internal source ?External source ?Internal source: Aarong & AAF think that current employees are a major source of recruits for all but entry level positions. Whether for promotions or for lateral job transfer, internal candidates already know the informal organization and have detailed information about its formal policies and procedures. Prom otions and transfer are typically decided by responsible department with involvement by HR department. Employee references/ recommendation: Employee reference has universal application.Lower level and mid-level positions can, and often are filled by the recommendation of a current employee. In higher level positions it is more likely referral will be a professional acquaintance rather than a friend with whom the recommender has close social contacts. In jobs where specialized expertise is important, and where employees participate in professional organizations that foster the development of the expertise, it can be expected that current employees will be acquainted with or know about individuals they think would make excellent contribution to the organization. External sources: Aarong & AAF believe in innovative inspiration so HR department use to look outside of the organization for applicants. The external source starts with the job advertisement on different media. Job Advertisem ent: Aarong gives their advertisement mostly on the major newspapers and internet to collect applicants for all the departments and posts. Through the advertisement they declare the posts of the jobs and the job description which includes duties and responsibilities along they also mention the facilities Aarong provides.In the advertisement they mention the required qualification of the applicants, age and experience etc. Collecting & Screening: After the advertisement for a particular job the HR department starts collecting the bio data. The bio data are collected from sources, for example the bio data dropped in the application box in the head office are collected, online applications are downloaded and printed, some are collected from the outlets by post and some are through references. After collecting the applicants’ bio data the qualifications, experience and age are matched.The applicants are selected and prioritized based on their education such as applicants from rep uted universities and year of experience they possess. While screening them qualified applicants for the specified jobs are found, but sometimes applicants with fewer years of experience are kept separately. And some time these candidates’ bio data are used when there is lack of candidates for interview. Short listing the potential Applicants: After going through the bio data that matches the qualifications, applicants who are well qualified for the positions have to be put on a short list.Following completion of short listing process, HR personnel should give them priority in calling for interviews. Schedule and Arrange the interview: After short listing the bio data, the arrangements of the interview starts. The shortlisted candidates are to be called and they should be well informed about the interview method, date, time and venue etc. For these responsible personnel has to make a schedule for interview. HR manager and respective departments’ managers, sometimes pro gram head altogether decides a convenient time for the interview.After scheduling the applicants are informed of the time date venue of the interviews and if appropriate, be asked to bring photographs for further identification. Conduct interview: Interviews must be fair, objective and structures to allow the maximum amount of information to be obtained from the applicants. The person specification and outline job description should form the basic questioning . which should be relevant to the recruitment of the post. In the interview panel there are two personnel from Aarong most of the time, one person from the HR department and another person should be from other department.For example recruiting a marketing officer the representative from the HR department is either a senior HR officer or an executive and the other interviewer in this case would be marketing head or marketing manager. In the interview panel the judges are given an interviewer appraisal form to keep the record of applicants’ personal attributes and their educational and professional qualification. From officer and above there are two rounds of interviews taken. The candidates selected from the first round interview are to be interviewed by the director of Aarong.Compile interview results: At this stage HR compiles the interview results. In order to compile the result, average score of the interview is calculated. Usually, the candidate that matches with hiring departments requirements is called for the second round of interview. After the interviews the candidates are selected by analyzing their qualifications by the director mostly and then it is the responsibility of HR to inform applicants about the result. But for but for entry level jobs it is the responsibility of an HR officer to finalize the selection.Background Check/ candidates’ verification: The selected candidates will provide copies of their educational and professional certificates ant the HR department will make arrangement for verifying these records by calling their references checking the copies of certificates with the original ones. Inform the selected candidate: After verification of the papers submitted by the candidates, HR department will call them for further formalities that are to be carried out like negotiation of salary, confirmation of joining date, fitness certificate, releasing order etc.Appointment: After completion of the introductory training sessions, the candidates are asked to come with their certificates, releasing order from previous employer, experience certificate, reference letter etc. The regular employees are required to fill-up several forms on the day of their appointment. These are †¢ Personal information form †¢ Insurance form †¢ Joining form Training: Training department of Aarong is a part of Human Resource department. Training personnel are responsible for all the necessary training sessions for the new employees.As they are to be acquaint ed with the new organization, working environment, people and job responsibilities. The training officers train the new employees to be introduced with the job and organization and make sure they are able to perform effectively. As the training section is very small and yet they are responsible for training employees all over the country, the training session lasts for one day. In mid-level and higher positions the employee gets on the job training. But positions like Sales associate, store helper and maintenance workers are mostly trained about their job. Orientation or induction:Generally the HR department arranges employee’s orientation or induction which provides new employees with basic background information about the organization, information they need to perform their job, their job description or so on. It is called a socialization process. it helps to cope with new environment very easily and it minimizes reality shock. Performance Appraisal System: Performance appr aisal system is defined as a systematic process of performance planning, organizing, monitoring, appraising, and guiding & rewarding individual employee’s performance by using standard tools.This is a formal management process being conducted through participation. The system does not merely represent an annual event rather it represents a systematic processed viewed from the standpoint of total perspective. The essence of performance appraisal system is that the employee’s perform the best of their abilities to attain individual standard and achieve the organization goals. Aarong and Ayesha Abed Foundation has a performance appraisal system closely similar to an amalgamation of â€Å"Behavioral anchored ratings scale (BARS)† and â€Å"key performance indicator (KPI)† performance Appraisal mechanism.The present performance is done using: a) Appraisal by Achievement against certain behavior b) Competence profile in current job, which includes rating or lea dership quality, resource management, business development, communicative etc. The organization views the system as year round process. Every employee at Aarong is being evaluated once in a year. And employees are evaluated when their working period is more than six month. Aarong has three types of performance appraisal form, these are – top level, mid-level and entry level, as all the employees cannot be evaluated in same manner.The reason for having the performance appraisal system is to evaluate them from different aspects and find out their strengths and weakness and provide them chances to improve them in order to perform more effectively. There are different component of the performance appraisal system namely performance planning, performance monitoring and performance development and annual appraisal each of those are inter related and integrated with each other having several sub- component under each of those components. The Annual performance Appraisal format:In th is study, focus has been given on the performance appraisal system of the management executive. The elements of the performance appraisal form are a) Performance planning b) Career growth & development c) Performance competences d) Overall performance evaluation e) Review and comment by appraiser, appraisers’ manager and appraise her/himself. In Aarong has four types of Performance Appraisal formats, Form-A, for top level employees, PA Form- B, for mid-level employees, PA Form-C, for lower level employees, and the last one is Performance Appraisal or Sales Associates. Aarong mainly uses customized software developed for carrying out the specificfunctions involved in the various functional departments. The Key In-HouseSoftware used by Aarong is as follows: Part-2 IT in HRM The IT used in Aarong: 1. Central Office Management System (COMS): COMS also used by the export department for handling export orders. The retailing department uses COMS to check inventory levels and maintai n re-order levels by analyzing data such as amount sent to outlet, amount in display and amount in the warehouse. 2. Point of Sale (POS):Point of sales software is used in all the outlets of  Aarong. When a sales staff scans the barcode of any product, the software records the transaction. This database enables the organization to identify the demand of the product and adjust their inventory level accordingly. 3. Ayesha Abed Foundation Software (AAFS): Ayesha Abed Foundation, which is the primary manufacturing unit of Aarong, uses this Software to check product levels. 4. Customer Relationship Management: This software enables Aarong to identify the most loyal customer and to retain them.Customer databases are maintained with the help of this software. It also enables Aarong to provide special services, such as â€Å"My Aarong Rewards†, to loyal customers. With the buying and contact information of all loyal customers, Aarong is able to notifythem whenever products that sui t their taste are available Figure: HRIS department at Aarong The Human Resource Department of Aarong is responsible for managing , controlling and the employment of the total employees, staff, and managers. The firm maintains some IS function with its HRM department.These functions have been given in the upward diagram and described here: Employee Database: All the information of the employees is saved in the database following the Microsoft access. This database includes the information of the employees from the joining days to the last days. Performance Tracking: Sales representatives are given a percentage of commissions on the sale that is why performance tracking is an important issue. The sale per day is tracked by using bar code readers and time punch machine.Pre specified reports: Based on the database maintained at the central office managers are allowed to access pre specified reports on the company’s employees and the key performance indicators. Company Intranet: The intranet provides managers to extract data on employees personal records and qualifications, sales performance, and past reports on sales and managerial activities using the online. Part-3 Biography of Mr. Fazle Hasan Abed Fazle Hasan Abed, Founder & Chairperson, BRAC was born in Bangladesh in 1936.He was educated at Dhaka and Glasgow Universities. The 1971 Liberation War of Bangladesh had a profound effect on him, then in his thirties, a professional accountant who was holding a senior corporate executive position at Shell Oil. The war dramatically changed the direction of his life; he left his job and moved to London to devote himself to Bangladesh's War of Independence. There, he helped to initiate a campaign called â€Å"Help Bangladesh† to organise funds to raise awareness about the war in Bangladesh.When the war over, he returned to the newly independent Bangladesh, finding the economy in ruins. Millions of refugees, who had sought shelter in India during the war, s tarted returning to the country and their relief and rehabilitation called for urgent efforts. It was then that he established BRAC to rehabilitate returning refugees in a remote area in north-eastern Bangladesh. He directed his policy towards helping the poor develop their capacity to better manage their lives.Thus, BRAC's primary objectives emerged as alleviation of poverty and empowerment of the poor. Under his leadership, in the span of only three decades, BRAC grew to become the largest development organisation in the world in terms of the scale and diversity of its interventions. Sir Fazle has received numerous national and international awards for his achievements in leading BRAC, including the David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Award (2008), the Inaugural Clinton Global Citizen Award (2007), the Henry R.Kravis Prize in Leadership (2007), the Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) Award for Lifetime Achievement in Social Development and Poverty Alleviation (2007), Gates Awa rd for Global Health (2004), UNDP MahbubulHaq Award for Outstanding Contribution in Human Development (2004), Schwab Foundation Social Entrepreneurship Award (2002), Olof Palme Award (2001), UNICEF's Maurice Pate Award (1992) and the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership (1980). He is also recognised by Ashoka as one of the â€Å"global greats† and is a founding member of its prestigious Global Academy for Social Entrepreneurship.In 2010, he was appointed by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to the Eminent Persons Group for the Least Developed Countries. Sir Fazle has received several honorary degrees including Doctor of Humane Letters from Yale University in 2007, Doctor of Laws from Columbia University in 2008, Doctor of Letters from the University of Oxford in 2009 and Doctorate of Laws from the University of Bath in 2010. In February 2010, he was appointed Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St.George (KCMG) by the British crown in recognition of his services to reducing poverty in Bangladesh and internationally. He was awarded WISE Prize, the world's first major international prize for education by Qatar Foundation in November 2011. Comparative analysis Illustrated profile of Fazle Hasan Abed I can imagine my to be career as an entrepreneur. I am graduating from Dhaka University in BBA and I would prefer being an entrepreneur. For this I have to be- 1. More patient as I see it is less in me 2.I am enthusiastic but in some matter I easily loose my enthusiasm for this I have to work a lot Part-4 Recommendation * Greater use of MIS, DSS and ESS for effective decision making. * Adoption of fully automated supply chain management system to ensure greater quality and flexibility. * Streamlining the Designing and approval process into one workstation. * Automation of the Demand projection and Trend analysis tasks. * Greater use of networking to carryout financial transactions with partners and suppliers.