Know how to identify development needs Essay

Everyone has their own preferred way of learning new things. Knowing how you learn can Help you take control of situations and develop further in learning or employment situations. To help me identify my own learning style(s) and that of a member of my team, I used the VAX questionnaire below. Tick box A B or C for each question that most represents how you generally behave. ABC 1When I operate new equipment I generally:x A B CRead the instructions first Listen to an explanation from someone who has used it before Go ahead and have a go, I can figure it out as I use it 2When I need directions for travelling I usually:x A B CLook at a map Ask for spoken directions Follow my nose and maybe use a compass 3When I cook a new dish I like to:x A B CFollow a written recipe Call a friend for an explanation Follow my instincts, testing as I cook 4If I am teaching someone something new I tend to:x A B CWrite instructions down for them Give them a verbal explanation Demonstrate first and then let them have a go 5I tend to say:x A B CWatch how I do it Listen to me explain You have a go 6During my free time I most enjoy;x A B CGoing to museums and art galleries Listening to music and talking to my friends Playing sport or doing DIY 7When I go shopping for clothes I tend to:x A B CImagine what they would look like on Discuss them with the shop staff Try them on and test them out ABC 8When I am choosing a holiday I usually:x A B CRead lots of brochures Listen to recommendations from friends Imagine what it would be like to be there 9If I was buying a new car I would:x A B CRead reviews in newspapers and magazines Discuss what I need with my friends Test drive lots of different types 10When I am learning a new skill I am most comfortable:x A B CWatching what the teacher is doing Talking through with my teacher exactly what I am supposed to do Giving it a try myself and work it out as I go 11If I am choosing food from a menu I tend to:x A B CImagine what the food will look like Talk through the options in my head or with my partner Imagine what the food will taste like 12When I listen to a band I can’t help:x A B CWatching the band members and other people in the audience Listening to the lyrics and the beats Moving in time with the music 13When I concentrate I most often:x A B CFocus on the words or the pictures in front of me Discuss the problem and the possible solutions in my head Move around a lot, fiddle with pens and pencils and touch things 14I choose household furnishings because I like:x A B CTheir colours and how they look The descriptions the sales people give me Their textures and what it feels like to touch them 15My first memory is of:x A B CLooking at something Being spoken to Doing something 16When I am anxious I:x A B CVisualise the worst case scenarios Talk over in my head what worries me most Can’t sit still, fiddle and move around constantly ABC 17I feel especially connected to other people because of:x A B CHow they look What they say to me How they make me feel 18When I have to revise for an exam I generally:x A B CWrite lots of revision notes and diagrams Talk over my notes, alone or with other people Imaging make the movement or creating the formula 19If I am explaining to someone I tend to:x A B CShow them what I mean Explain to them in different ways until they understand Encourage them to try and talk them through my idea as they do it 20I really love:x A B CWatching films, photography, looking at art or people watching Listening to music, the radio or talking to friends Taking part in sporting activities, eating fine foods and wines or dancing. 21Most of my free time is spent:x A B CWatching television Talking to friends Doing physical activity or making things 22When I first contact a new person I usually:x A B CArrange a face to face meeting Talk to them on the telephone Try to get together whilst doing something else, such as an activity or meal 23I first notice how people:x A B CLook and dress Sound and speak Stand and move 24If I am angry I tend to:x A B CKeep replaying in my mind what has upset me Raise my voice and tell people how I feel Stamp about, slam doors, and physically demonstrate my anger 25I find it easiest to remember:x A B. CFaces Names Things I have done ABC 26I think you can tell if someone is lying if:x A B CThey avoid looking at you Their voice changes They give me funny vibes 27When I meet an old friend:x A B CI say ‘it’s great to see you’ I say ‘it’s great to hear from you’ I give them a hug or a handshake 28I remember things best by:x A B CWriting notes or keeping printed details Saying them aloud or repeating words and key points in my head Doing and practising the activity or imagining it being done 29If I have to complain about faulty goods I am most comfortable:x A B CWriting a letter Complaining over the phone Taking the item back to the store or posting it to head office 30I tend to say:x A B CI see what you mean I hear what you are saying I know how you feel Total number of ticks in each column:130512 If you chose mostly A’s you have a VISUAL learning style. If you chose mostly B’s you have an AUDITORY learning style. If you chose mostly C’s you have a KINAESTHETIC learning style. Learning Styles Self-Assessment Everyone has their own preferred way of learning new things. Knowing how you learn can help you take control of situations and develop further in learning or employment situations. Tick box A B or C for each question that most represents how you generally behave. ABC 1When I operate new equipment I generally:* A B CRead the instructions first Listen to an explanation from someone who has used it before Go ahead and have a go, I can figure it out as I use it 2When I need directions for travelling I usually:* A B CLook at a map Ask for spoken directions Follow my nose and maybe use a compass 3When I cook a new dish I like to:* A B CFollow a written recipe Call a friend for an explanation Follow my instincts, testing as I cook 4If I am teaching someone something new I tend to:* A B CWrite instructions down for them Give them a verbal explanation Demonstrate first and then let them have a go 5I tend to say:* A B CWatch how I do it Listen to me explain You have a go 6During my free time I most enjoy;* A B CGoing to museums and art galleries Listening to music and talking to my friends Playing sport or doing DIY 7When I go shopping for clothes I tend to:* A B CImagine what they would look like on Discuss them with the shop staff Try them on and test them out A B C 8When I am choosing a holiday I usually: Read lots of brochures Listen to recommendations from friends Imagine what it would be like to be there ABC * 9If I was buying a new car I would:* A B CRead reviews in newspapers and magazines Discuss what I need with my friends Test drive lots of different types 10When I am learning a new skill I am most comfortable:* A B CWatching what the teacher is doing Talking through with my teacher exactly what I am supposed to do Giving it a try myself and work it out as I go 11If I am choosing food from a menu I tend to:* A B CImagine what the food will look like Talk through the options in my head or with my partner Imagine what the food will taste like 12When I listen to a band I can’t help:* A B CWatching the band members and other people in the audience Listening to the lyrics and the beats Moving in time with the music 13When I concentrate I most often:* A B CFocus on the words or the pictures in front of me Discuss the problem and the possible solutions in my head Move around a lot, fiddle with pens and pencils and touch things 14I choose household furnishings because I like:* A B CTheir colours and how they look The descriptions the sales people give me Their textures and what it feels like to touch them 15My first memory is of:* A B CLooking at something Being spoken to Doing something 16When I am anxious I:* A B CVisualise the worst case scenarios Talk over in my head what worries me most Can’t sit still, fiddle and move around constantly A B C 17I feel especially connected to other people because of:* A B CHow they look What they say to me How they make me feel 18When I have to revise for an exam I generally:* A B CWrite lots of revision notes and diagrams Talk over my notes, alone or with other people Imaging make the movement or creating the formula 19If I am explaining to someone I tend to:* A B CShow them what I mean Explain to them in different ways until they understand Encourage them to try and talk them through my idea as they do it 20I really love:* A B CWatching films, photography, looking at art or people watching Listening to music, the radio or talking to friends Taking part in sporting activities, eating fine foods and wines or dancing 21Most of my free time is spent:* A B CWatching television Talking to friends Doing physical activity or making things 22When I first contact a new person I usually:* A B CArrange a face to face meeting Talk to them on the telephone Try to get together whilst doing something else, such as an activity or meal 23I first notice how people:* A B CLook and dress Sound and speak Stand and move 24If I am angry I tend to:* A B CKeep replaying in my mind what has upset me Raise my voice and tell people how I feel Stamp about, slam doors, and physically demonstrate my anger 25I find it easiest to remember:* A B CFaces Names Things I have done ABC 26I think you can tell if someone is lying if:* A B CThey avoid looking at you Their voice changes They give me funny vibes 27When I meet an old friend:* A B CI say ‘it’s great to see you’ I say ‘it’s great to hear from you’ I give them a hug or a handshake 28I remember things best by:* A B CWriting notes or keeping printed details Saying them aloud or repeating words and key points in my head Doing and practising the activity or imagining it being done 29If I have to complain about faulty goods I am most comfortable:* A B CWriting a letter Complaining over the phone Taking the item back to the store or posting it to head office 30I tend to say:* A B CI see what you mean I hear what you are saying I know how you feel Total number of ticks in each column:151203 If you chose mostly A’s you have a VISUAL learning style. If you chose mostly B’s you have an AUDITORY learning style. If you chose mostly C’s you have a KINAESTHETIC learning style. Learning Styles Now I have identified the learning style(s) for a member of my team and myself, and buy Reading the explanations below, we can consider how this will help us to choose the type of Learning that works best for us. People commonly have a main preferred learning style, but This may be part of a blend of all Three. Some people have a very strong preference; other People have a more even mixture of two or less commonly, three styles. Remember, there is no right or wrong learning style. The VAK learning styles model suggests that most people can be divided into one of the Three styles: Someone with a Visual learning style has a preference for seen or observed things, including pictures, diagrams, demonstrations, displays, handouts, films, flip-chart, etc. These people will use phrases such as ‘show me’, ‘let’s have a look at that’ and will be best able to perform a new task after reading the instructions or watching someone else do it first. ?These are the people who will work from lists and written directions and instructions. ?Someone with an Auditory learning style has a preference for the transfer of information through listening: to the spoken word, of self or others, of sounds and noises. These people will use phrases such as ‘tell me’, ‘let’s talk it over’ and will be best able to perform a new task after listening to instructions from an expert. ?These are the people who are happy being given spoken instructions over the telephone, and can remember all the words to songs that they hear! ?Someone with a Kinesthetic learning style has a preference for physical experience – touching, feeling, holding, doing, practical hands-on experiences. These people will use phrases such as ‘let me try’, ‘how do you feel? ’ and will be best able to perform a new task by going ahead and trying it out, learning as they go. These are the people who like to experiment, hands-on, and never look at the instructions first! AC 1. 2 Use a simple technique for identifying own development needs and the development needs of another member of the team. It is very important for any organization to identify your own development needs and the Development needs of your team, and the development of all individuals at all levels. In The section below I have looked at a couple of ways you can identify the skills and Knowledge required for successfully delivering as well as providing the training and Development required for both me and that of another member of my team. Of course there are training and development texts that cover this subject in much more Detail, it is best to start with an analysis of the training and development that is required. The Starting point and the subsequent steps can be represented in ‘The Training Cycle’ or ‘The Systematic approach to Training and Development’. This is a widely recognised and used Model of the processes involved in professional development. When setting any objectives for training we should be using the standard management Practice of using SMART objectives. SYou will notice that the objectives are specific in that they explain a number of individual tasks. MThey are measurable in that you can determine if the tasks have been completed by checking against the targets, e. g. 2000 words, four bridges, grid reference, and so on. AThey are achievable in that resources are available to complete the task. For example, is there sufficient time for completion and does the candidate have access to a computer? RThey should be realistic. Clearly any task to be set at an appropriate level and be relevant to the development of the individual. We have to ask whether the person presently has the skills to carry out what we are expecting, does he/she need training or can they learn by on the job training. TFinally, the task should be time-bound in that you have to set time targets for completion, and possibly for reviewing progress. If you are able to set SMART objectives it makes the job of evaluation and review much easier. Identify the need The need for staff training can be identified in a number of ways, such as during interviews, Through feedback from colleagues, by competence or knowledge tests, by observing work Taking place, or from appraisal documents or CVs. Skills and knowledge audits and a SWOT analyses are well-known techniques that can be used for self-assessment as well as For identifying the needs of individuals and groups. Skills and knowledge audit A ‘brainstorming’ session will identify the skills, knowledge and understanding required to Carry out a particular task. To help me identify my own development needs I used the table On the next page, by comparing my existing skills and knowledge with the recommended Ones helped me to determine the training and development needs I could need. SKILLSLevel requiredCurrent levelDevelopment needs Project designDegree or HNC level management and review Supervisory management plus some specific project trainingILM Level 3 Certificate in Principles of Leadership and Management Planning and reviewingManagement Level 2 S/NVQManagement Level 2 S/NVQAs above Staff managementManagement Level 2 S/NVQManagement Level 2 S/NVQNone required Team briefingManagement Level 2 S/NVQManagement Level 2 S/NVQAs above Effective presentationAbility to present projects to community groupsNot confident in presenting to groupsILM Level 3 Certificate in Principles of Leadership and Management Report writingProfessional quality reportsAlready presents high quality reportsNone required Assessment skillsVocational Assessor AwardHolds Skills Assessor AwardTo work towards the D33 Team skillsManagement Level 2 S/NVQManagement Level 2 S/NVQNone required Training of trainers3- to 4-day courseAlready holds three relevant training unitsNone required KNOWLEDGELevel requiredCurrent levelDevelopment needs Managemen t of Health and SafetyIOSH levelAlready holds IOSH and has attended specific trainingNone required Safety in Housekeeping legislationIOSH levelAs aboveAs above Employment legislationManagement Level 2 S/NVQManagement Level 2 S/NVQUpdating courses when available Appraisal system and how it worksSpecific knowledge and use of the systemHas carried out appraisals in other organisationsSpecific coaching only required Environmental legislationFull knowledge of relevant environmental legislationHas full knowledge through personal researchNone required Do not be over specific about each and every aspect of the job, and do not use vague Expressions: communication skills, for example, may cover questioning, listening and talking To a group. You should attempt to be as clear and concise as possible about the skill or Knowledge required. To help me identify the development needs of a member of my team I used a SWOT Analysis, this is a simple self-assessment tool and is the SWOT analysis or analysis of STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES and THREATS. This can be used on its own or with the skills and knowledge analysis. It is good technique For helping staff identify their own training needs with or without support. My Team leader StrengthsWeaknesses Has a strong background in supervisory management techniques.? Has not worked to any degree with groups of manual workers. ? Has used a pc competently in previous jobs.? Is unfamiliar with project management software. ? Has an IOSH Certificate.? Health and safety training did not cover everything needed for this roll. OpportunitiesThreats ? There will be a number of candidates selected for a higher level qualification in supervision? Lack of supervision / management skills can hamper progress. ? Growth in the path industry may mean that there are more higher level jobs available.? Other candidates may have worked with manual workers – I need to improve my leadership skills. Using the SWOT analysis has helped us to see some of the development areas my team Leader needs, and from this I can help by finding the right course to help in his development. AC 1. 3 Identify potential barriers to learning Workplace learning is the process of gaining relevant skills and knowledge at work, either Informally as you gain experience or formally through structured training. Barriers to Workplace learning are factors that slow down the process, misdirect it or prevent it from Happening. These factors differ from one type of job to another. Misdirection If your goal is to achieve long-term success in your field, you need to learn new skills and Abilities on an ongoing basis. A sales professional must improve his closing techniques and His understanding of customer psychology, while an information technology specialist needs To keep up with new technological developments. One potential barrier to effective Workplace learning is that you may learn something that provides a short-term advantage But actually works against your long-term professional development. For example, if you Learn how to close just enough sales to meet your quota consistently, this may discourage You from learning the sales techniques that would substantially improve your close rate. Stagnation Another barrier to workplace learning is getting caught in a rut. If the work you do is not Mentally stimulating or challenging, you may not continue to improve on the job. Company Culture also can have a big impact on whether employees keep growing and learning or Whether their skills and motivation stagnate. If you believe your supervisors aren’t interested In hearing what you have to say, won’t listen to concerns you have and don’t welcome your Questions, you won’t keep learning and improving. Companies that foster an open culture Are less likely to have this problem. Obfuscation Effective learning often depends on effective teaching, but not all teachers are equally skilled Or willing. Many workplace skills are best learned from an expert, and experts are not Always readily available. Some co-workers who do have genuine expertise are not willing to Share it openly. For instance, the company’s best programmer might be worried that if he Teaches new employees all the tricks of his trade, his own value to the organization will Decline and he could lose his position. Teaching materials such as training videos or Instructional manuals may be poorly explained, confusing or limited. Companies can Overcome these issues by rewarding employees who mentor others and ensuring that there Are adequate materials on hand to facilitate learning? Access Depending on the type of business, the employees may face problems outside of the Workplace that interfere with their ability to learn in the workplace. Low-skilled employees Often are eager to obtain training to improve their job skills, but they sometimes face Complex life situations that make this difficult. This can include obligations to family Members, lack of free time to engage in additional training, medical problems and lack of Funds to pay for any training the employer does not provide. Anything the company can do To make training more accessible and flexible can alleviate this problem. This is just a few of the potential barriers to learning and I have explained these in a bit more Detail, below is a small list of some others, this list is again only a short list there are possibly Many more. Employee learning not seen as critical to business success Identifying and analysing true learning needs is time consuming Employees reluctant to take the time out to learn and develop Available learning not seen as specific enough to job roles and company strategy Learning doesn’t deliver tangible benefit Learning solutions simply don’t deliver No observed behavioral change Learning solutions are costly and risky AC 1. 4 Explain how barriers to learning can be overcome Overcoming barriers to success involves assessing the situation, consulting experts, Considering alternatives and taking action. To manage your career effectively, you need to Take charge of your own development. By assessing your own skills, getting advice from Others, learning new skills and making informed decisions, you can achieve your goals. Overcoming challenges and setbacks usually requires a positive attitude, as well as Dedication and commitment. Feedback To communicate more effectively and overcome objections, start by collecting information About the problem at hand. Avoid misinterpretation, misunderstanding and mistakes by Assembling all the facts. Depending on the situation, you can conduct surveys, run focus Groups or simply start a conversation with a colleague. Listen carefully and pay attention to The subtle nuances of what people say. Then take action to use the feedback and address The problem, tell people what you did, evaluate the outcome and refine your approach if Necessary. For example, to improve your chances of getting a new position, ask a friend or Colleague to review your resume and cover letter. Does it reflect your skills and knowledge In the best manner? Make modifications based on their feedback and submit your Application. Join a professional organization in your industry to network with other business Professionals. By making new contacts, you can learn about new opportunities to use your Unique skills and experience. Change Barriers to change include reluctance to part with old ways, sadness and regret associated With loss, and fear of the unknown. Managing change effectively and overcoming these Obstacles involve setting a clear course for the future and establishing realistic goals. Recognize that change can be disruptive. Then commit to the transition and form new Strategies. For example, once you decide that you want to pursue a new a career in a Higher-paying field, get the training and experience you need to succeed, according to your Budget and time availability. Define goals that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic And time constrained. For example, if you want to pursue a career in health services, you Might aim to complete your bachelor’s degree and earn a nursing degree in the next six Years by participating in an online university program. Decision Making Barriers to success often involve an inability to make good choices. Learning how to Evaluate options efficiently can help you ensure career success. Sometimes you need to Make a quick decision without consulting others to ensure your safety and well being. Other Times, get input from other people you trust to help you make an informed decision about The next step to take in your development. When you work on a team, there may be times When the group needs to collaborate to make a choice that impacts everyone. This can take Time but the results are typically beneficial in the long run. When you don’t have time or the Outcome doesn’t really matter to you, delegate decision making to a subordinate to keep Processes flowing smoothly. This might include tasks such as approving travel expenses That are under a certain amount. Productivity When your goals don’t align with those of your company, your motivation and desire to Perform decrease. Ensure that you fully understand your company’s strategic objective, Mission and values so that you can position yourself appropriately. Examine your work Habits. Manage your work day effectively to achieve your short and long-term goals. For use Online time management tools to focus your attention on the task at hand and complete Work in short segments. Managing your own productivity tends to improve your long-term Success. Section 2: Know how to develop self and others to achieve organisational objectives AC 2. 1 Briefly analyse learning/development options to meet need(s) of Self and another member of the team.

Chemical Studies Essay

a) The teller at the bank with brown hair and brown eyes and is taller than the other tellers. b) I caught four fish at the seven o’clock in the morning but didn’t catch any at noon. c) The salaries at Smith and Company are based on the number of sales and Billy makes 3,000 dollars more than Joe. d) When Sally eats healthy foods and exercises regularly, her blood pressure is lower than when she does not exercise and eats fatty foods. e) The Italian restaurant across the street closes at 9 pm but the one two blocks away closes at 10 pm. f) Bob bought a new blue shirt with a golf club on the back for twenty dollars. g)For the past two days the clouds have come out at 3 pm and it has started raining at 3:15 pm. h)George did not sleep at all last night because he was up finishing his pape i) Ice cream melts faster on a warm summer day than on a cold winter day. ) The teller at the bank with brown hair and brown eyes and is taller than the other tellers. – it can be tested by considering other tellers height. b) I caught four fish at the seven o’clock in the morning but didn’t catch any at noon. – in this case the work is already done and believing it is the only way. We cannot do any test as the results may vary. c) The salaries at Smith and Company are based on the number of sales and Billy makes 3,000 dollars more than Joe. – it can be tested by calculating the sales and salaries of both Billy and Joe. d) When Sally eats healthy foods and exercises regularly, her blood pressure is lower than when she does not exercise and eats fatty foods.- yes, it is testable, by having medical records of Sally. e) The Italian restaurant across the street closes at 9 pm but the one two blocks away closes at 10 pm.- it can be tested by observing the closure time of both restaurants for a period of time. g)For the past two days the clouds have come out at 3 pm and it has started raining at 3:15 pm. – it cannot be tested as clouds wont come at the same time daily. h)George did not sleep at all last night because he was up finishing his paper- it is not testable because, writing paper is not the sole source of not sleeping. Other thinngs can also effect. i) Ice cream melts faster on a warm summer day than on a cold winter day. – not testable because, in cold winter also ice cream melts if temperature is warm.

Personality Analysis: Dispositional and Learning Theories Essay

The revision and analysis of personalities provides a restored knowledge for human behaviors and the progression in which individuals understand. Theorists had endeavored for a long time realizing further theoretical methodology. Gordon Allport researched the personalities of people for the reason that that methodology provide further meaning or characterization to individual distinctiveness and give emphasis to the distinctiveness of the person (Feist & Feist, 2009). Depicting a person with universal personality merely categorize individuals as a crowd or group. Nevertheless, Allport alleged to exactly distinguish an individual is through the means of being familiar with the individuals as personal. Individuality shows each individual be distinct and unique, no one person is alike in a way; for the reason that individuals have distinctive personalities and the capabilities to understand is atypical as well. Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory observed the behavior in which individuals understand. Observational learning tolerates individuals to find out lacking actions or responsibilities (Feist & Feist, 2009). Principally people do find out through own encounters although learn as well from looking at different job and achievements of other people. Generally significant reasons which supply the respond to queries could be established by means of these kinds of research and development. Dispositional Theories and Personalities Allport started his study of personal psychology by means of presenting his morphogenic science. Morphogenic science is the research of a person, collecting data, and vital information concerning the person. Allport’s methodology to personality theory generates queries like what is the meaning or definition of personality, what is the role of willful stimulus in personality theory, what is the distinctiveness of the psychologically healthy individual. The queries asked by Allport lay down an institution for gaining knowledge of the fundamentals behind personalities. Personalities have an effect on an individual endeavor s and response to external motivations. Consequently, the terminology dynamic organization explains a personality like a systematic plan. Even though this plan may revolutionize, Allport apply the terminology psychophysical to depict the psychological and physical conversion in an individual (Feist & Feist, 2009). Additionally, Allport cherished the words determine, characteristic, behavior, and thought for the reason that the terminology imply that individuals are product and process, and come up with the abilities to revolutionize. Nevertheless, suggesting that personalities are simultaneously psychological and physical, as well as explicit behaviors and open thoughts (Feist & Feist, 2009). Personality is merely a word, yet is impressive and does great. Learning Theories and Personalities Bandura’s social cognitive theory deals with the importance of different personality capabilities to understand. The environment plays a major function in an individual personality and growth. Bandura’s approach to gain knowledge of personality laid on different fundamental flexibility; hypothesis, triadic reciprocal causation model as well as likelihood experiences and fortuitous events, driving force perception, external and internal reasons, and principled group (Feist & Feist, p. 478-79, 2009). Bandura come within reach of the theories of study from the essential fundamentals of his social cognitive theory. To set alight, of his hypothesis, Bandura established Observational Learning. The responsibilities individual carry out all through existence often happen from observation. For instance, children were able to learn how to eat with utensils, to hold a cup, open doors, or merely wave goodbye, by way of observations. Regrettably, good and bad behaviors could turn up by observational learning. However, Bandura social cognitive theory explains psychological implementation by triadic reciprocal causation. However, individual act happen for the reason that three variables, the environment, behavior, and the individual (Feist & Feist, 2009). Relating the three variables to every personality is very plain, since each personality is formed by the environment and a product of each behavior. Even though the character of personality due to the Social Cognitive theory makes use of an agentic view of personalities, this signifies individuals possess the capabilities to use control on their individual being. The situational behavior influence personalities besides personalities have an effect on situational behaviors. Personality Characteristics Attributes to Dispositional and Learning Theories Individuality is a concentration for Allport; he deemed personal distinctiveness is recognized by individual disposition. The intensity of individual disposition involves Cardinal, Central, and Secondary dispositions. A Cardinal disposition is a quality which govern different individual living, generally individual do not possess this feature, however for individual who do possess this features, is the manner most individual regard that individual. To exemplify a Cardinal disposition is an individual named as a Casanova. A Casanova is commonly referred to as a alluring, lover boy, appealing, and extravagant. Nevertheless, the terminology Casanova can becomes a familiar peculiarity or individuality. The second disposition is known as Central dispositions. The common of various or further Central dispositions is expected. An individual can possess five to ten outstanding individuality, these distinctiveness arrive at by the way different individuals assess one’s personality (Feist & Feist, 2009). Pinpointing terms to explicate an individual quality, way of behaving, or disposition. Subsequently, intensity of personal disposition referred to by Allport is Secondary dispositions. Even though not as noticeable as central dispositions, secondary dispositions are not predominant to our personalities, but occur habitually and are conscientious for the greater part of individual behaviors. The degree of personal disposition from Allport’s standpoint is imperative as assessed on a level. Nevertheless, assessment of inter-persons to personal dispositions will alter the development of personal dispositions to customary behavior, beating Allport’s line of reasoning. Additionally, Allport’s motivational and stylistic dispositions are obliging to essential individual needs and cause to move. An individual person who has a motivational disposition is motivated by a need. Motivational needs begin undertakings (Feist & Feist, p. 383, 2009). Stylistic disposition facilitate lead individual actions. For instance an individual would wear clothes to keep his body warm, this is motivational, and the design of clothing selected is stylistic (Feist & Feist, 2009). A personality necessitates inclination. Allport’s degree of individual dispositions, motivational, and stylistic dispositions have develop into a distinctive feature for relating personality theories. Furthermore, Bandura’s social cognitive theory in respect to Observational Learning include to the listing of personality study. The center of observational learning is modeling. Modeling is accumulating and deducting from behaviors observed, followed by taking a broad view from one observation to a further (Feist & Feist, 2009). Individuals endeavor to model their living from other individuals, picking out an individual with a prominent standing, capabilities, and supremacy. The individuality of personalities develops from the best models, in the surroundings. Influences act an important part in an individual character, however the distinctive behavior established in individuality like as disposition, physical type, and intellect is personal. An individual is born with skillfulness, capacity, and the potential to realize a large number of approaches. Personalities acquire development all the way through lifetime. Bandura’s concept of individual performance is the result of dealings of behaviors, variables, and environment (Feist & Feist, 2009). Personality individuality modeled by observational learning is logical. Individuals normally do as other individuals do, assuming an incentive is to result the actions demonstrate constancy, assuming a penalty ensue the individual is unlikely to do again the useless actions. The better the importance in which the observer puts on the conduct, the possibility of the observer doing again these actions is prominent (Feist & Feist, 2009). Dispositional and Observational Learning Theories Share a Common Bond The usual relationship shared through dispositional and observational theories is either hypothesis has the same opinion that personalities are self-motivated and distinctive for persons. Human agency, and conscious control, indicates that individuals enjoy the manner of deciding for own destiny. Motivational qualities, internal cause, external cause, stylistic, dysfunctional behaviors and appropriate purposeful self-governance are customary causes jointly allocated by dispositional theories and observational learning theories. Additionally, both theories facilitate to know personalities and behaviors and furnish a further thoroughly attitude from several resources which have carried out different process in attaining particular assumption. Conclusion In real meaning, personality study facilitates by learning personalities and behaviors. Learning and research conducted employing different systems and methods provide an improved feeling of recognition. Allport and Bandura dealt with personalities with unbiased thought and effective resources. Initiating with Allport, his personality theory arrives in the course of his positive observation of natural world. The development of personalities happens reasonably in a common environment. I agree it is factual that language, trends and styles, values, culture, and morals impact personalities; however the individuality and distinctiveness in a personality and essential motivations are the generally suggestible reasons (Feist & Feist, 2009). Remarkably, the extensive numbers of significant hypothesis in the development of theories for personalities persist to develop. Studies from former theorists keeps on to generating different assumption and concepts. Allport’s Personal dispositions aid research people to learn individualities. Allport’s goal is to uncover rejoinders to the subject; personality. What does the conscious motivation in individuality possess? What are the idiosyncrasies of the expressively vigorous individual? Bandura initiated learning through observation that contains major essentials in comprehending individualities and behaviors. A person’s performance is the outcome of shared interface of actions within the surroundings, behavior, and individual aspects (Feist & Feist, 2009). Individualities are together emotional and physical. Individuals possess the ability to study with the faculty of flexibility although individuals possess diversities both biological and social. Individualities compose the individual, the surroundings and social aspects establish the growth and continuance of individualities. The mainly significant issue to reflect on; there are no number of individuals who are similar and everyone in this world is distinct by himself.

Personal time management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal time management - Essay Example Apart from being a mother, I am a full time professional as well. I am undertaking online classes within the nursing informatics class for the BSN degree. Handling all these affairs is indeed a difficult task but I have to be on my toes at all times. This is in line with my understanding that I am also a mother who has to look after her family and thus be available to the kids and home on a consistent basis. My life does not know any shortcuts or alternatives coming to its fore. I have to be present when the going gets tough, and this happens to me on a constant basis. What is even more significant is the fact that my work tasks are handled on a regular basis, and there are no time delays as such. I have to give top priority to my family because they remain quintessential to me all said and done. I am of the view that time management is not that big of an issue as it is made of. This is because time management comes about when there are concerted efforts to get things right and that too within such a scenario where there is immense understanding of the regular routines that happen, and thus happen without any rhyme and reason. If we can do away with such nuances, it would be correct to state that the time management issue would not even crop up in the first place. I am sure that time management issues hurt those individuals who are not punctual, in fact who do not want to be on time at all. The people who make an effort to be on time and thus complete their chores in accordance usually remain successful with not only managing this issue but also the other pertinent ones that mar their lives every now and then (Warhurst, 2007). As a mother of five kids, I am optimistic that time management is not that big of an issue and could be resolved if there are proper efforts put in pl ace by the people who want to have it under their grasps. However, all that has been said by our forefathers in relation with

Retail concept project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Retail concept project - Essay Example Value Proposition The customer is our master. Our organization will do all the best to ensure that every customer who visits our organization leaves feeling more satisfied. We aspire to give them more than they expect by providing a wide variety of things under the same roof, a service which is rare. Positioning Statements Our mission is to provide high quality and genuine products to our customers at affordable prices. Marketing Strategy In every organization, the main target is to maximize the level of sales. Marketing is one of the main strategies through which an organization can manage to win its potential customers. In this case, marketing process is very significant bearing in mind the current situation where the market is characterized by a very high level of competition. One of the marketing tools which can be feasible to an art gallery at the initial stage is advertisement. Advertisement as a method of promotion is associated with a number of advantages. To start with, adve rtisement is effective in reaching a wide range of audience (Trehan and Trehan 146).This is especially when advertising is conducted through a media which reaches a large number of people. The method will reach greater number of people compared to other methods like the sales promotion.

Trend in Architecture in the Past Research Paper

Trend in Architecture in the Past - Research Paper Example The research paper "Trend in Architecture in the Past" focuses on a detail discussion about four distinct structure of the ancient time, these are Arch, Dome, vault, and Roof. In this paper, the main discussion is about the structure and method of development of the above four construction in Greece, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. Some of the key structures of ancient Egypt were arch, vault, roof etc. All these three structures were closely related to one another as there is a number of great architectural work in Egypt based on the above three elements. A vault is associated with the architecture of an arch. There is a pair of the arch at both ends of the structure. Between both the arches, there is a long arched tunnel which is generally made up of concrete. To overcome this issue people in Greece, Egypt used to build a vault in. In order to provide support to one part or the finished part people used to take help of the process of centering, the support was at the place until the other sections were finished. In order to ensure strong support to the finished side people also took help of Buttresses which were known for providing all the heavy concrete vaults some extra support. â€Å"Architects would lay layers of light tiles directly on the centering. When the tiles were finished, it gave the centering ex tra support until they laid the final layer of concrete. When all of the concrete was dry and the tiles were laid, the Roman architects would pour concrete onto the vaults until they reached the desired thickness†.

Balanced Score Card Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Balanced Score Card - Essay Example According to various studies, the Balanced Score Card system affects strategy at the levels of finance, customer, internal, and growth. One advantage of this strategy is that it relies significantly on measurable outcomes that weigh against specific goals as spelt out in the organization’s specific mission and vision. According to a range of financial management literature, the application of the Balanced Score Card is manifest at the financial level of strategy (Punniyamoorthy, & Murali, 2008; Figge, Hahn, Schaltegger, & Wagner, 2002, p. 269). This is because, financial growth strategies are comparably easier to ascertain as compared to the other levels of strategy as customer growth and satisfaction. The universal characteristic of these strategies involve the active application of specific periods within certain financial goals are measured (Brown & McDonnell, 1995). The levels of success or failure are measured within the specified period in order to obtain the most accurate standards of measurement as spelt out within specific growth objectives and strategies. On this score, it becomes appropriate to consider the fact that time factor remains one of the most important considerations of the rate of growth. Financial Management In many organizations, the determination of growth using the Balanced Score Card method involves the determination of revenue growths and profits (Chavan, 2009). This usually entails the determination of the rate of growth in profits as understood together with certain financial measurable. The application of the strategy involves the determination of the strategic growth objectives and the outcome measures as the key determinants of growth within the strategy (Chavan, 2009). For instance, within a manufacturing company, strategic growth could involve the determination of various strategies for growth and other processes (Brown, & McDonnell, 1995). Some of the issues that relate to the development of strategy within the understanding of the Balanced Score Card relate to the need to adjust outcomes within definite operational paradigms. On this matter, it is necessary to consider the fact that the application of strategy remains an integral issue that applies within various factors an d strategies of growth. The determination of specific outcome measures assists in providing the management with specific indicators of telling whether the strategy relates well with the projected goals (Chavan, 2009). The assumption is that the end-result is significantly a factor of the strategy within, which it was achieved. The relationship between outcome and process depends on the manner in which the strategy relates with the financial objectives and the ability of the management to harness all the other aspects of the strategy towards the attainment of the same. The various processes that attach to strategy relate to other application specifics that combine to form some continuous link between the starting point of the strategy and the budgeted outcomes (Chavan, 2009). Critics of the Balanced Score Card strategy contend that other variables apart from the mechanics of the strategy could be involved in the achievement of the specific goals of the organization. Organization proc esses are subject to multiple internal and external factors, which affect the processes in different

Gas Turbine Engine Compressors - Comparison Essay

Gas Turbine Engine Compressors - Comparison - Essay Example Its working fluid is air. The compressor then utilizes the mechanical energy that is imparted from outside so as to enhance static pressure head. In its configuration, it has four basic components: an inlet, impeller, a diffuser and a collector. The impeller increases the velocity of the fluid (Kerrebrock, 1992). In its working, the impeller rotates with a shaft and the casing which encloses the impeller. Due to this rotation, fluid is forced into the inlet as a result of the upstream pressure. As the impeller rotates, fluid moves to the discharge side. Movement of fluid to the discharge side creates a void. This implies that there is reduced pressure at the inlet of the impeller. There is pressure development in the compressor casing inlet. This provides additional air (fluid) into the impeller so as to fill the void (Carl, 2002). On reaching the impeller, the entering fluid flows along the impeller vanes. The fluid velocity increases as it progresses. Fluid at the impeller tip outlet is at maximum velocity. Fluid then enters the casing and expansion of the cross section area occurs. Diffusion occurs in the diffuser as fluid velocity reduces. The diffuser converts the high velocity (kinetic energy) of the fluid into pressure by increasingly diffusing the velocity of the gas. All these lead to the increase in the pressure of fluid (static pressure/ potential energy). This follows the Bernoulli’s principle (Carl, 2002). The final component of the centrifugal compressor is the collector. This is the chamber where diffuser discharges. Axial compressors are aerofoil based compressors utilizing rotatory movement. In the axial compressors, the working fluid flows in a parallel direction to the rotation axis. Axial flow compressors are capable of generating high pressure ratio on a single shaft. Several axial flow stages are combined so as to lead to high pressure ratios. Therefore, the axial flow compressor

Paul and Wives Submission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Paul and Wives Submission - Essay Example Paul. Will a realised soul like him compromise the revelations of the gospel? The real problem with all revelations, including the present issue under discussion related to the inferior status of women, is elsewhere. These revelations are not made at the mind level, but transcending the mind. At that level what is revealed is perfect and no one can imagine duality there. All realised souls reveal the same truth from their levels. Just as the sun and the moon are one and the same for all individuals practicing different faiths, the ultimate truth is the same for all men and women and for the entire humankind. But the mind-level preachers, mullah, pundits and the so-called intellectuals interpret it from the level of their spiritual progression and hence the differences crop up. Interpretations about the truth vary, but truth in in itself is Immutable. A common individual who thinks from the mind-level is unable to comprehend the profound and deep meaning of a particular word or a phra se uttered by the realised soul. Various interpretations crop which result in arguments and counter arguments. In the heat of such arguments the real issue is lost sight off. The context in which the revelation is made has some bearing, but truth is beyond all limitations of time as well. Go through the arguments of John Temple Bristow on Paul and Wives submission. He writes, â€Å"Perhaps Paul was torn between the ideal and realities of his time. Perhaps he compromised the gospel in order not to upset the social structures of his age. Perhaps Paul could not escape his own background and culture or perhaps Paul gave a good line in public, but in private revealed his own disdain regarding women.†(Preface, x) Bristow make the careful and repeated use of the word ‘perhaps’ and I give full credit to him for treading carefully while trying to comment on the revelations of Paul on this sensitive subject. This viewpoint is one that of an intellectual and has been elucid ated here just to restate the position of mind-level interpretations and the pitfalls involved in such procedure. Mr. Bristow has erred in his judgment about the stand of St. Paul, relating to the status of women. Whatever are the realities of time, a Realized Soul will not employ shortcuts to gain followers for his viewpoints. He will stand by truth on his assertions on any topic, irrespective of the consequences. I believe that women are equal to men and yet I’m wrong. Let’s assume for a while, from the secular point of view that men and women are equal. From the spiritual standpoint, women are more equal as compared to men. How can one treat women as equal to men? God has created her, given her the status of more equal. Nobody can take that right away. It is the woman who gives protection for the initial nine months to the divine creative force of the future of humanity, male or female. St. Paul is aware of this position and one cannot expect a divine personality to make mistakes in divine interpretations about man-woman status. Expressing his dilemma about the stand of St. Paul on this issue, Bristow admits his confusion and writes, â€Å"We were also taught that women, according to Paul, are to obey their husbands and to be subject to male leadership.

Interaction Theories Essay Example for Free

Interaction Theories Essay A. Compare and contrast two of the models or theories presented in this chapter considering their usefulness in practice, research, education and administration. For the purposes of this discussion, I have selected King’s Theory of Goal Attainment and Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations. On a broad perspective, both theories aim at explaining the interaction processes that happen between a nurse and her patient. Imogene King’s basic assumption of her theory is that the nurse and the client communicate information, set goals mutually, and act to attain those goals. The same can actually be said with Peplau’s theory wherein she states that nursing is an interpersonal process because it involves interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal, the attainment of which is achieved through the use of a series of steps, and that the nurse and patient work together so both become mature and knowledgeable in the process. A lot of similarities can be seen from both works as they try to explain the nursing process in a nurse-patient interaction level. see fig. 1) The concepts of person, health, environment and nursing are recurring themes on both theories as they attempt to integrate it with each of their own interaction models. The deviation between the two theories occur where the focus of their study lie in the current nursing practice. King focused on the major concept of interacting systems: Personal, interpersonal and social systems, and how the accuracy of determining which system is most applicable would lead to eventual tra nsaction. Because of the severity of her condition, the emergency room nurses attending for this particular patient immediately began taking actions to stabilize her condition, such as securing an IV line, drawing blood for labs, applying oxygen and doing an ECG all at the same time. When asked by a nurse to take her ordered dose of aspirin the patient fearfully verbalized, â€Å"What are you doing to me? † Soon after, when the patient’s condition did not significantly improve but got worse, the physician advised the husband that patient be brought to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for an angiogram. The client was adamant that she did not want to take drastic measures, but the husband indicated that he wanted whatever was necessary to improve his wife’s condition. This is an excellent example of a client losing the sense of self-hood. In regard to the concept of self, King (1981) stated â€Å"If nurses and other professionals interact with patients or clients as human beings, and let the individuals be themselves, nurses and patients would help each other grow in self-awareness and in understanding of human behavior, especially in stressful life experiences. † In an environment that requires one to be reactive and responsive, clients often perceive nurses as being too busy or too hurried. King (1981) encouraged nurses to be aware of how they present themselves to their clients because the manner in which nurses enter a client’s room sets the tone for the entire encounter. Poor communication skills lead to poor transactions and interactions between the nurse and the client. Poor communication skills also affect goal setting and goal attainment (Williams, 2001). It is solely because of this perception that proper â€Å"scripting† with the patients has been constantly reiterated to all nursing personnel and including even the support staff. In stark contrast with the example presented above, here is a situation where King’s Theory of Goal Attainment was used in the emergency room setting. Patient ST, a 32-year old male trauma patient who went to the emergency room due to a traumatic amputation of an arm secondary to a motor vehicle accident. The assessment phase of the nursing process can take in the concepts associated with the personal system. Once the patient has been hemodynamically stabilized, the nurse’s attention is now focused on assisting the patient cope with the feelings of loss, separation and anger that he is experiencing. The patient’s feelings of perception, self body image, growth and development, time and space must be considered after doing the primary survey of airway, breathing and circulation. In fact, this is even specified in my institution’s â€Å"Emergency Room Nursing Database† in its attempts to fulfill the JCI requirements in documentation. Attempting to restore the patient’s self-esteem in the light of the traumatic loss is a mutually established goal between the nurse and the client. It is also important for the nurse to realize that the patient’s perceptual field is narrowed because of the pain and emotion that he is currently experiencing. King’s theory highlights the importance of the participation of the individuals in decision making and deals with the choices, alternatives, and outcomes of nursing care. The theory offers insight into the nurses’ interactions with the individuals and groups within the environment (Williams, 2001). Element of the theory of Imogene King is usually applied specifically in interpersonal and social systems. More often than not, the mode of interaction being used in the emergency department is a dyad (2 people interacting), where the perception of a patient is changed because of a communication that takes place providing education to a patient with knowledge deficit. Such an example occurs in ensuring a patient and its significant others’ compliance; if the patient does not understand the importance of a certain intervention or medication, cooperation and adherence will be very difficult to achieve. But once the nurse educates them with proper nurse-patient interaction and therapeutic communication, compliance and adherence to medical regimen can be achieved. King’s Goal Attainment Theory (Client-Centered Theory) is indeed what we are practicing in the daily routine of the hospital and in any other clinical setting. Giving the patient the pertinent information of what is going to happen or what is happening will lessen the patient’s anxiety that contributes to tachycardia, restlessness and give them a sense of control of the situation.

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Airline Competitive Advantage

Airline Competitive Advantage During turbulent 1970s and early part of 1980s, marketing was a comparatively unimportant activity among airline companies around the world due to stringent industry regulation and the industry was operating in a sellers market conditions around the globe. In particular, protected by government ownership and regulation, airlines were safe from serious competitive effects of the marketplace. In most cases, the industry showed an oligopolistic market structure. For instance, price competition was nonexistent, promotional efforts were limited, product service quality was uneven, and little had been done to develop efficient distribution systems through hub and spoke networks Borenstein 1989. In a market which was dominated by airlines themselves the motto was if you offer flights from one destination to another, people will take them. There is substantial anecdotal evidence that an airline with a dominant share of the traffic at an airport has a competitive advantage on routes that incl ude that airport. In this approach, consumers needs and wants, their expectations did not have any meaning. In recent years, there have been a number of changes in global airlines industry which have had profound effects on the development of this very volatile sector of the economy in most countries of the world. Pustay 1992Demographic, legal-political, socio-economic and technological changes have led the way to transformation of the airline and the way they do business domestically as well as internationally. In this rapid re-structuring process, both national as well as private airlines had to modify their marketing and business policies and strategies. In particular, the emergence of consumer-oriented marketing approach was evident. The essence of the marketing concept incorporates three basic elements of customer-orientation, integrated marketing efforts and the resultant company profitability and customer satisfaction. In this process, continuous relationship between airlines and their customers has become the watchword and airline industry standard. Definition of Competitive Advantage and Strategic Thinking A competitive advantage is a medium or long-term factor that works in favour organisation or at least, a restricted number of airline industries. Competitive advantages in airline are usually facets which are costly and time consuming for others to develop so that the entry price is high. Typical competitive advantages are cost leadership, technological superiority and uniqueness. Positioning Airline Company The first approach takes the structure of the industry as given and matches the company. Strength and weaknesses to it competitive advantage can be viewed as a building defence against the competitive force or as finding position in the industry where the force are weakest. Knowledge of the airline industry capabilities and of course of the competitive force will highlight the areas where the airline industry should confront competitive and where avoid it. When dealing with the industry force that drive industry competitive, company can devise a strategy that takes the offensive. This posture is designed to do more than merely cope with the forces themselves it is mean to alter their causes. Innovation cost in airline industry market can raise brand identification or otherwise differentiate the service and capital investment in airline at large scale facilities or vertical integration affects entry barriers. The forces he identifies are: Rivalry Among Existing Competitors Threat of Substitute customer relationship and Services Threat of New Entrants Bargaining Power of customers Bargaining Power of employees Exploiting Industry Change in Airline Company Airline industry evolution is important strategically because evolution, of cause, bright with it changes in the sources of competition in the familiar services in the life-cycle pattern, for example, growth rates changes, services differentiation is said to decline as the business becomes more mature and the company tend to integrate vertically. These trends are not so important in themselves, what is critical is whether they affect the sources of competition. Consider vertical integration in the maturing airline industry, extensive vertical integration both in servicing and in customer relationship development is taking place. This very significant trend is greatly raising economics of scale as well as the industry this is turn raising barriers to entry and may drive some smaller airline competitors out of the industry once growth level off. Oligopoly and Game theory in airline industry Taking two different airlines as an example, if either airlines decides on cutting their fares, there is tendency that it will affect the other, and if both airlines decide on cutting down their fares, they will both be affected and shift to a worst situation unless, there is increase in fare sales to a reasonable level. Using the names Ryan Air and British Airways respectively to represent two different airlines, If the Ryan airline decides to go for the best fare that maximises profit, it will affect the demand of the fares for the British Airways airline and vice-versa, and also they could also decide on going for the maximum of the minimum (MAXIMIN), tending to increase they profit. So therefore, both airlines tend to have effect on effect other. Recession could be an advantage or demerit to an economy and other firms. Some organisations might see recession as an advantage because it motivates the market to run effectively mostly during long-term. Taking Ryan jar airline as an example, the organisation seen recession as an advantage to them because, during recession competition within the airline industry is less, it causes brings down the cost of airlines. If there is high number of airlines, the lesser the information they get about each others performance being an advantage to the firms, and more likely output and prices will be at a competitive level (Wessel,W.J (2006)pg 433-434). An article laid out by Elowitt, K. (2009), British Airways is one the affected airlines in the economy, stating a 14% drop in the premium traffic domestically and worldwide during the previous year, causing the company to put on hold two or more of their biggest flights. How EU Encouraged the Expansion of low Cost Carriers Reduce congestion in the skies. The European Union constructed a single European sky thereby reducing congestion drastically. The EU has the power to do so because the congestion price is at their disposal and they can also develop strategies and alliances with other airports. A country aware or facing a congestion problem can also create secondary airport to divert segments of the main airports traffic. Air regulations. Rules were imposed into to erase or prevent monopolistic practices which were anti competitive that usually prevented competition to the detriment of consumers. Most importantly, the EU competition rules regaled mergers, state aid to producers are prohibited within certain conditions and finally rules about cartels that prohibited all inter-company agreements that usually restrict or prevent competition within the European Union was implemented. Five ways to airlines reduce cost Used of secondary airport. Paying lower airport charges by using cheaper airport is a means by which cost can be reduced. A similar example is the Debonair and easy jet that set them up in 1995 at Luton where they were given extremely favourable deals on airport charges and rentals. The low-cost is very attractive to smaller airport and as a result can demand extremely low lending and other fees. Increasing number of seats by removing galleys and reduce the seat pitch; By doing away with business class, by reducing the seat pitch that is the distance between seats, low-cost carriers can simply increase the number of seats available for sale on the aircraft. Low-cost carriers tend to also increase their number of seats by reducing the number of toilets and eliminating other spaces such as coat cupboard, and so on. Direct Flight. Low-cost carriers dont set up a network. Their connection is point to point with a high market potential especially for individual private or non-business travellers. The traditional carriers have their own hubs where passengers can switch planes, from European to intercontinental flights. High cost of sales of tickets online. By so doing, they do not pay agencies like the traditional airlines on the sale of tickets. A company spokesman said Ryan airline has around three quarters of its customers already checked online and predicted that passengers would welcome the initiative. Low operating cost: All cost is reduced to its minimal e.g. maintenance cost, air fares, wages etc. No hub services, short cleaning time, no air freight, thus giving rise to high resource productivity. Low-cost carrier in the Aviation Industry Low cost carriers made a great impact on the aviation market causing the competition amongst firms to increase. Low cost carriers also led to a large extension in the number and density of civil airports, thus, the number of passengers in the traditional airport did not reduce. Basically from the point of view, low cost carriers induced either an additional demand or won clients for the air traffic which might have travelled by other means. An interview showed that 59% of the clients or passengers of the low cost carriers are new and 37% changed from other airlines. From the new airlines statistics, 6% stated they would have used the train, 15% the car and 71% said they wouldnt have travelled at all if they wouldnt have been the low cost offer. Incumbent airlines have responded with small cut-price airlines of their own to maintain market share. Due to the impact of low cost airlines, traditional European airlines such as British airways and Lufthansa are experiencing increasing pressure from the growth of the LCC. The traditional airline responses have gone to the extent of reduction in labour cost, greater use of regional aircraft and a run-down of secondary hubs. The traditional airlines also made a lot of changes to their on-board service and a move to direct-sell bring these airlines closer to the low cost carrier product. At the end, the traditional airlines network strength is largely maintained, however, which appears a better strategy to them. The traditional airlines raised up an issue against the low cost airlines that there is unfair competition and abuse to monopoly power and the conclusion led the traditional airlines to be in better shape than their counterparts. Source of Competitive Advantage in Airline Industry Competitive cost advantage in airline industry is a constantly moving target for any company in any industry; the key is not to get stuck with a single simple notion of its source of advantage. The best competitors the most successful ones, know how to keep moving and always stay on the cutting edge. Today, time is a cutting edge among the airline. The ways bigger airline industry companies manage time airline industry in new customer relationship and introduction in flight schedule represent the most powerful new sources of competitive advantage. Though certain western company are pursuing this advantage airline industry experience and practice provide the most instructive example not because they are necessarily unique but because they best illustrate the evolutionary stage through which leading companies have advantage. What Determines cost Success or Failure in Airline Industry Competition The question of what determine the cost success or failure of airline firms competition may be the most fundamental question that strategic management poses. Success, for a strategically distinct business requires that a competitive advantage be created and sustained in airline industry. Competitive advantage yield an economic rent in other words it create a situation in which economic costs are exceeded by revenue generated. Cost may be less than those of competitors, or any combination of this advantage. Conclusions Company might be affected by cyclical effects, leading them to reduce travels of all kinds most by individuals, leading to reduction in demand but the growth remains on a positive side. Individuals travelling on higher fares tickets like first class might change to second class or a lower class. Other companies deciding on building higher cash flow either by introducing higher discounts on premium tickets so as to fill lapse or even to increase demand. According to Winston and Morrison (1989), if an airline exercises monopoly power, the services provided are likely to be reflected with higher prices for the same level of output.

Evolution: Just More Proof of God Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Es

Evolution: Just More Proof of God      Ã‚   The world around us changes. This simple fact is obvious everywhere we look. Streams wash dirt and stones from higher places to lower places. Untended gardens fill with weeds.   - National Academy of Sciences    Humans are inquisitive creatures. Throughout the centuries, we have thought, "Why are we here?" This one question has brought thousands of answers. Once Gods and Goddesses reigned. The many hands of Tishri and Buddha, Tao, Confucius, Muhammad, Huitzpotcly of the South Americas, Re of Egypt, and countless others have been worshiped. From these gods comes the creation of man. In our local, modern society, Christ is present in the vast majority of homes, and behind Christ, the Bible, or the book of God's word.    In the New International version of the Bible, creation was performed by GOD. It took Him seven days. On the first day, He created the earth, covered in water. The "glory of God" provided the light for Earth, as He proclaimed, "Let there be light." He created an atmosphere on the second day. Dry land emerged, on day three, from the sea, displacing it. On this day, He also brought forth trees and plants, which grew and matured before the end of the day. God distinguished night and day on day four. The sun and moon were placed to mark the passing of time. Adam, Eve and all of their descendants knew it to be so. Day five: creatures reproduce according to species. The next day, day six, brought the reproduction of humans and animals alike. Then, God rested on the seventh day (hollaway2).    This is the accepted Christian story of creation. People believed it undoubtedly until Charles Darwin, possibly the world's most noted evolutionist, ... ...more secure faith in a greater good, or possibly a great god.    Bibliography Bethel, Tom. "Evolution Is Not a Scientific Fact." Science and Religion: Opposing Viewpoints. RohrJanelle. San Diego, CA. Greenhaven Press Inc. 1988 davidll@cit-tele.com. November 30, 1998. Evolution vs. Creation Resource Center. Evolution vs. Creation Resource Center. Halloway, Kevin1. November 18, 1998. Is Evolution Science? Evolutionism vs. Creationism; Is Evolution Science? Halloway, Kevin2. November 18, 1998. Creation; Faith or Fact? The Final Countdown? Creation; Faith or Fact? Johanson, David. Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind. New York. Simon and Schuster. 1981 National Academy of Sciences. November 30, 1998. "Teaching about evolution and the nature of science [Working Group on Teaching Evolution, National Academy of Sciences]".      

Battle of Gettysburg Essay -- History Civil War USA Historic Essays

Battle of Gettysburg This most famous and most important Civil War Battle occurred over three hot summer days, July 1 to July 3, 1863, around the small market town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It began as a skirmish but by its end involved 160,000 Americans. Before the battle, major cities in the North such as Philadelphia, Baltimore and even Washington were under threat of attack from General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia which had crossed the Potomac River and marched into Pennsylvania. The Union Army of the Potomac under its very new and untried commander, General George G. Meade, marched to intercept Lee. On Tuesday morning, June 30, an infantry brigade of Confederate soldiers searching for shoes headed toward Gettysburg (population 2,400). The Confederate commander looked through his field glasses and spotted a long column of Federal cavalry heading toward the town. He withdrew his brigade and informed his superior, Gen. Henry Heth, who in turn told his superior, A.P. Hill, he would go back the following morning and "get those shoes." Wednesday morning, July 1, two divisions of Confederates headed back to Gettysburg. They ran into Federal cavalry west of the town at Willoughby Run and the skirmish began. Events would quickly escalate. Lee rushed 25,000 men to the scene. The Union had less than 20,000. After much fierce fighting and heavy casualties on both sides, the Federals were pushed back through the town of Gettysburg and regrouped south of the town along the high ground near the cemetery. Lee ordered Confederate General R.S. Ewell to seize the high ground from the battle weary Federals "if practicable." Gen. Ewell hesitated to attack thereby giving the Union troops a chance to dig in along Cemetery Ridge and bring in reinforcements with artillery. By the time Lee realized Ewell had not attacked, the opportunity had vanished. Meade arrived at the scene and thought it was an ideal place to do battle with Lee's Army. Meade anticipated reinforcements totaling up to 100,000 men to arrive and strengthen his defensive position. Confederate General James Longstreet saw the Union position as nearly impregnable and told Lee it should be left alone. He argued that Lee's Army should instead move east between the Union Army and Washington and build a defensive position thus forcing the Federals to attack ... ...h. Confederate causalities in dead, wounded and missing were 28,000 out of 75,000. Union casualties were 23,000 out of 88,000. That night and into the next day, Saturday, July 4, Confederate wounded were loaded aboard wagons that began the journey back toward the South. Lee was forced to abandon his dead and begin a long slow withdrawal of his army back to Virginia. Union commander Meade, out of fatigue and caution, did not immediately pursue Lee, infuriating President Lincoln who wrote a bitter letter to Meade (never delivered) saying he missed a "golden opportunity" to end the war right there. On November 19, President Lincoln went to the battlefield to dedicate it as a military cemetery. The main orator, Edward Everett of Massachusetts, delivered a two hour formal address. The president then had his turn. He spoke in his high, penetrating voice and in a little over two minutes delivered the Gettysburg Address, surprising many in the audience by its shortness and leaving others quite unimpressed. Over time, however, the speech and its words - government of the People, by the People, for the People - have come to symbolize the definition of democracy itself.

Engage in personal development in health, social care Essay

1.1 Describe the duties and responsibilities of own work role. I work with clients with Autism and/or a learning disability, within a supported housing setting. My current job role is as a ‘care assistant’. I am responsible for providing support to the service user’s, which includes: personal care, assisting with meal preparation, assisting with medication, organising service user finances, assisting with meal planning and maintaining records. The main purpose of my work is to assist and work alongside clients in their own homes and in the community, helping those clients to access and take part in a full range of community activities. It is my duty to enable clients to acquire and practise everyday living skills, to help make full use of the community resources and facilities and to help provide the personal care and supervision required by individual clients. I received an induction training course when I first joined the company, which provided specialised trai ning relating to the learning disability sector. I receive regular supervision with the house manager where I can discuss any problems, and get support. I can also request training, and my manager can highlight areas where I would benefit from further training in. I attend regular refresher courses in training, so that I am up to date with the current standards required for my role. I treat all service users with respect and dignity, and my work practices reflect and promote equal opportunities. I have read, and understand my Company’s policies and procedures, and am aware of what to do in most circumstances, and the correct reporting/recording procedures to follow. I always work in a professional manner, and ensure all service user information is kept up to date, and confidential. The main purpose of my work is to assist and work alongside clients in their own homes and in the community, helping those clients to access and take part in a full range of community activities. It is my duty to enable clients to acquire and practise everyday living skills, to help make full use of the community resources and facilities and to help provide the personal care and supervision required by individual clients. 1.2 Explain expectations about own work role as expressed in relevant standards. My expectations about my work role are the same as a career as they would be  if I was a service user, I believe you should treat others how you would want to be treated yourself and I’d expect to be treated with dignity and respect In any job your will have standards that you must meet as written in your job description. These are usually ranged from minimum required standards to expected standards, to exceeding expectations. There are regulatory and statutory requirements that are relevant to specific industries which you must comply with for example the GSCC (general social care council) code of conduct would be met with OFSTED standards to provide duties for all employees and employers to comply with. I believe I am aware of all standards that need to be met in my job role at any given time and I make reflective practice a routine part of my job, and would ask my supervisor if I was ever unsure what standards apply to your role. 2.1 Explain the importance of reflective practice in continuously improving the quality of service provided. Reflective practice is important way of learning from experiences and improving services. These methods can determine what methods work well and what doesn’t work very well or not at all. Only when good and poor practices are identified can an accurate assessment of performance be made. Areas of good practice can be built on and repeated and any areas where the service could be improved would be identified and can be addressed with training, advice and support. 2.3 Describe how own values, belief systems and experiences may affect working practice. I believe your background and values are of upmost importance especially in this work setting, a naturally careering person undergoing a careers work role can find the experience very rewarding and very natural however an individual without these particular caring values could find the role a lot of effort and very demanding. Unfortunately I have gained my experience as a career due to a member of my family being autistic, this however as instilled in me a natural ability to provide all levels of care from challenging behaviour to personal care. Looking at this on a bigger scale I can see how this industry could just be a job to some people and therefore would maybe look at some duties as choirs rather than simply helping that person. What you determine as important and what you see as acceptable is an essential single-valued function of who you are. The way in which you respond to subjects or duties is linked to what you believe in, what you consider important and what interests you. You may find you react positively to people who share your values and less warmly to people who have different priorities. When you develop friendships, it is natural to spend more time with people who share your interests and values. However, the professional relationships you develop with people are another matter. As a professional, you are responsible to provide the same quality of support for all. Working in the care sector, you are bound to come across people whose views you do not agree with, and who never seem to understand your point of view. Awareness of differences, your reaction to them and how they affect the way you work is a crucial part of this role and your own professional development. If you allow your own preferences to dominate your work with people, you will inevitably fail to perform to the standards of the Codes of Practice. Beliefs can cause many issues in the care sector, from obvious reasons like the individual would accept only male or female carers to religious beliefs which can be very difficult to understand but is essential to get right to provide good care. If you were careering for an individual of a different religious background their beliefs would be of upmost importance to them and so you must respect that, this could affect a career in a number of ways for example this things in which they talk about, the clothes they wear and being to open with their own religious beliefs could upset the service user. Personal experiences I think play a major role in a persons desired job role, for example a young person who spent a lot of time as a child helping out their father on a building site would more than likely find a skill he or she liked within that industry as they have been introduced to it from a young age. A personal experience story I think answers this question very well is that of my si ster who in a mad panic last year through no choice of her own had to deliver our sisters baby and save his life after he had stopped breathing. Baby and mother all doing well now my sister has just started a midwifery course as she describes the experience as overwhelming and magical, This could lead to a full time job for my sister all spurred on by a personal experience. 4.1 Identify sources of support for planning and reviewing own development. As a large percentage of my job is homecare so my first source of support would be the house manager then the parents/family of the client, and in some cases depending  on the individual’s capacity and communication maybe the client themselves. From these I can learn what has worked in the past and what methods have been tried. I can also get the back story of the client to try and think of new methods and activities in order to help the client’s progression. The client would also have a service plan in their personal file where I can find most of the information I need. If I was working in a community centre I would first read the clients file to try and gather information to fuel my development in order to provide a better service. If I felt I needed more or just further development I could also speak to my seniors within the community centre. The company also hold more detailed files and information that I can access when I need in order to plan and or review development. We regularly receive supervision meetings to discuss any matters and to plan and review development. Here I can ask to be enrolled onto training courses I think would benefit me and my clients.

Humans, Omnivorous or Vegetarians

Some people are ‘meat lovers’ while others fiercely reject the idea of humans eating meat. Perceptions and love/hate for meat vary according to each ideological frame and culture. However, this informative essay will not address the perceptions and preferences that people might have. It depends on a scientific debate with those who think that prehistoric man was vegetarian in nature and therefore humans should not eat meat and those who think that humans have always been omnivorous which means that we can eat seeds, grains, plants, fruits, but also animals.Through this essay I will defend that it is normal and natural that humans eat meat, in contrast with the vegetarian’s arguments, however it is healthier if we do not eat great amounts of meat per week. An argument defending human as vegetarian is centered on the characteristics of the human body compared to carnivorous animals. It argues that because humans don’t have claws or pointed teeth we shouldnâ⠂¬â„¢t eat meat. However, I found that the digestive and dental system of homo sapiens serves as an example on omnivorous adjustment because the incisor teeth and canine are good to tear cooked meat into pieces, whereas the molars are needed to grind vegetable matter. Furthermore, vegetarians argue that carnivorous animals have smaller intestines than humans because raw meat needs to be defecated faster, so it won’t turn bad before it can be digested. However one argument to counter this position is that humans can’t be totally vegetarian either because plant material containing fiber and cellulose cannot be efficiently broken down by the enzymes our stomachs secrete and because humans have simple-chamber stomach while herbivores have multiple-chamber stomach. This reinforces the argument that humans are omnivorous because our bodies are not totally prepared for such big amounts of meat, like carnivorous animals, nor for all kinds of plants. Rather we should have a balanced meal. Another argument sustained by vegetarians is that the man came before the fire and therefore humans only ate fruits and vegetables. Further that human disguise the meat with culinary preparations because â€Å"we cannot tolerate raw meat†. However, I found out that It all depends on a matter of evolution and adaptability. If we go back thousands of hundreds years ago when humans where similar to chimpanzees, maybe the vegetarian argument is true: humans were vegetarian. But with the same logic as we started walking on two feet because it became a necessity, our body adapted to eat meat when frost came over and eliminated all plants and fruits. Therefore, humans evolved. Homo sapiens started using pointed weapons so claws fell to disuse, homo sapiens discovered fire and found out that it made the meat softer so our canines got smaller. Our molars got flatter because of the cooked-meat diet, as well as the infusion of fruits, nuts and veggies. Furthermore, the vegetarian argument that â€Å"everything that the human body needs can be found in natural vegetation†, does not mean that we are, in fact, vegetarian. Rather it means that if one person decides to be a vegetarian, he/she can survive without the proteins provided by meat. Therefore, being vegetarian is a personal decision, not a fact applying for everyone. One should decide consciously what type of food you want to eat, but bearing in mind that eating meat is not a bad thing for our body per se because our body is prepared to it, along with fruits and vegetables. Most uninformed vegetarians argue that meat is causing health issues, but the truth is that the today’s growing population is demanding great amounts of food focusing on quantity over quality. Many animals are been feed with steroids while fruits are been cultivated with chemical substances.

Bvs Supply Chain Management Case

Nicolas Maalouf ID: 120265 International operation and supply chain management ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Strengths: ? – BVS has assured its relative independence from its corporate ? parent in the US – number 2 in its field. ? – The hiring effort focused on scientists, and junior ? management. – Aggressive investment in Research; Strong and innovative ? R&D Department. ? – Intensive growth in current sales and projected sales ? – Dynamic, entrepreneurial, and ambitious head of purchasing department and have an international experience. – High-tech machinery, BVS most advanced on the market.? – BVS sustain good relations with their supplier. ? ? Opportunities: ? – Forceful investments in the pharmaceutical industry, ? enormous enlargement in R&D investments. ? – A booming forecasts of a total market – Critical product, Large Demand & limited supply (Banque de Geneve). ? – New supplier â€Å"WildGras s NJ† having advantages in flexibility in price and supply. ? Young human capital can add value to the existing management. ?As a part of big Pharmaceutical Corporation, BVS have to maintain an important profitability margin and an increasing drift of sales to align up the market trend since they expect a prevalent demand on a critical product they compete to produce in shorter time. The in-house situation – the situation within BVS Weaknesses: – Profitability was decreasing as sales growth. – Delay on the production schedule. – Independent management from the parent organization in the US. – Purchasing department had limited signature power. Centralized decision making (CEO) – time Cost. – Divergence and inefficient coordination between Departments. – Mediocre role of purchasing department (low image). – Depending on limited suppliers (duopoly LCSD and BCC). – Weak presence on the US market. Threats: â€⠀œ Marbelpharm one year ahead of BVS. – Limited material resources (Natural ingredients & limited suppliers). – LCSD and their main competitor, BCC never compete against each other on price – High profit margin for suppliers. – Currently one supplier can provide necessary materials to all competitors. The market was dominated by a handful of companies. The outer surroundings – the situation outside BVS Risks and Opportunities The case enlightens a main problem directly related to the process of manufacturing of new critical product; some delays in R&D schedule due to the difficulties of supplying some key ingredients. That cut in supply chain can generate an immense disorder in expected figures; indeed the interruption can enlarge the valley between BVS and competitors especially Marbelpharm.In addition, serious risk can be in attendance if Wildgras may not satisfy BVS demand in the coming years or if the market can’t supply chemical materia ls necessary for production. In other hand, independency of BVS division is menaced and the Mother Corporation can take control of its management in order to adjust traditional management and deal with the situation in an American approach to hold back and resolve departments’ confrontation and accelerate the chain enrolment.If the new strategy helps for building-up the company, in that case BVS can catch the booming market and the new cooperation with â€Å"WildGrass NJ† will generate a new era of prosperity and BIOLOGICAL VACCINE SCIENCE – BVS Michel Philippart 2012 International operation and supply chain management MIB 32 may work together on two new vaccines that improve BVS sales using young managers and researchers that can drive innovations safely from suppliers to clienteles in that way reputation of the purchasing department get better that may help BVS to enter the us market.The following list presents ideas that can be subject of discussion in sequen ce to determine and shrink current corporate risk presented on the case: – Maintain an excellent relation with the duopoly LCSD and BCC chemical distributors – BVS should keep dealing and as well invest into â€Å"WildGrass NJ in order to help them to be sufficient in their production, in that way they can supply BVS as expected in lower cost. Work with the source manufacturer of chemical materials and maybe invest with him in their own line of needs. – Decentralize decision making into departments each of wish will report to the allocated manager. – Connections between â€Å"WildGrass NJ† and BVS should be combined into single responsible; Sara should be dedicated also to link the R&D department to purchasing department. Clarify the required tasks of each department In order to make supply chain more efficient, in that approach we can encourage regular meetings between heads of department. – Data Sharing between R&D and purchasing departme nt can ensure a certain level of readiness and speediness concerning ordering needed materials. – Create a new IT-software that can manage internal information interconnected between R&D and Purchasing department in order to enhance the efficiency of supply chain. Seek for new resources that can supply potential investments – Hiring new managers freshly graduated from purchasing schools, and trusted them as Sarah Managing suppliers at BVSx Successful supplier management necessitate finding consistent and competitively priced suppliers is a must to the achievement of business; however our initial focus can’t be on the accurate price especially because we are operating in pharmacology sector where quality and lead time are the main components of the purchase agreement.On the other hand in the longer term, strong relationships with biggest distributors and manufacturers with a collaborative approach (as co-investment an partnership) can have better impact on the ov erall success the supply chain management. In that approach we can focus on what we can do for suppliers rather than on what they can do to lower costs and to deliver us needed materials as expected on time . An accurate and healthy partnership can be build-up in favour of both parties.BVS ought to implement emergency strategy so that disruptive events can be managed smoothly as shortage in materials or lack in supply. Finally internal meetings between the top management should focus on several critical issues as seeking new areas for supplier improvement and discuss on how the corporation can improve relationships and ameliorate dealings between departments in order to haste a healthier chain of production. BIOLOGICAL VACCINE SCIENCE – BVS Michel Philippart 2012

American fast food restaurant Essay

Subway is an American fast food restaurant franchise that primarily sells submarine sandwiches (subs) and salads. It is owned and operated by Doctor’s Associates, Inc. Subway is one of the fastest growing franchises in the world with 40,229 restaurants in 102 countries and territories as of 11 September 2013.[1] It is the largest single-brand restaurant chain and the largest restaurant operator globally.[3][4][5] Subway’s main operations office is in Milford, Connecticut; five regional centers support Subway’s growing international operations. The regional offices for European franchises are located in Amsterdam, Netherlands; the Australia and New Zealand locations are supported from Brisbane, Australia; the Asian locations are supported from offices located in Beirut, Lebanon, and Singapore; and the Latin America support center is in Miami, Florida.[6] Contents [hide] 1 History 1.1 Early history 2 Products 2.1 Regional variations 2.2 Nutritional content 3 Advertising 3.1 $5 footlongs 3.2 Sub Club 4 Controversies 4.1 Sandwich size 4.2 Franchise relations 4.3 UK VAT treatment 4.4 Casey’s trademark case against Subway 5 References 6 External links History Early history Subway’s original logo used from 1965 to 2002. In 1965, Fred DeLuca borrowed $1,000 from friend Peter Buck to start â€Å"Pete’s Super Submarines† in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and in the following year they formed Doctor’s Associates Inc to oversee operations of the restaurants as the franchise expanded.[7] The holding company derives its name from Fred DeLuca’s goal to earn enough from the business to pay tuition for medical school, as well as Peter Buck’s having a doctorate in physics.[8] Doctor’s Associates is not affiliated with, nor endorsed by, any medical organization.[9] In 1968, the sandwich shop began using the name â€Å"Subway† for the first time.[7] Subway restaurant, Pittsfield Township, Michigan The first Subway on the West Coast was opened in Fresno, California in 1978. [10] The first Subway outside of North America opened in Bahrain, in December 1984.[11]In 2004, Subway began opening stores in Walmart supercenters, and surpassed the number of McDonald’s locations inside US Walmart stores in 2007.[12]